📘 CodingMarble Learn

United Grade 11 AP Chemistry

अध्याय: 9

1. Atomic Structure and Properties

Moles and Molar Mass · Mass Spectra of Elements · Elemental Composition of Pure Substances · Composition of Mixtures · Atomic Structure and Electron Configuration · Photoelectron Spectroscopy · Periodic Trends · Valence Electrons and Ionic Compounds

2. Compound Structure and Properties

Types of Chemical Bonds · Intramolecular Force and Potential Energy · Structure of Ionic Solids · Structure of Metals and Alloys · Lewis Diagrams · Resonance and Formal Charge · VSEPR and Hybridization

3. Properties of Substances and Mixtures

Intermolecular and Interparticle Forces · Properties of Solids · Solids, Liquids, and Gases · Ideal Gas Law · Kinetic Molecular Theory · Deviation from Ideal Gas Law · Solutions and Mixtures · Representations of Solutions · Separation of Solutions and Mixtures · Solubility · Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum · Properties of Photons · Beer-Lambert Law

4. Chemical Reactions

Introduction for Reactions · Net Ionic Equations · Representations of Reactions · Physical and Chemical Changes · Stoichiometry · Introduction to Titration · Types of Chemical Reactions · Introduction to Acid-Base Reactions · Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

5. Kinetics

Reaction Rates · Introduction to Rate Law · Concentration Changes Over Time · Elementary Reactions · Collision Model · Reaction Energy Profile · Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms · Reaction Mechanism and Rate Law · Pre-Equilibrium Approximation · Multistep Reaction Energy Profile · Catalysis

6. Thermochemistry

Endothermic and Exothermic Processes · Energy Diagrams · Heat Transfer and Thermal Equilibrium · Heat Capacity and Calorimetry · Energy of Phase Changes · Introduction to Enthalpy of Reaction · Bond Enthalpies · Enthalpy of Formation · Hess's Law

7. Equilibrium

Introduction to Equilibrium · Direction of Reversible Reactions · Reaction Quotient and Equilibrium Constant · Calculating the Equilibrium Constant · Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant · Properties of the Equilibrium Constant · Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations · Representations of Equilibrium · Introduction to Le Châtelier's Principle · Reaction Quotient and Le Châtelier's Principle · Introduction to Solubility Equilibria · Common-Ion Effect

8. Acids and Bases

Introduction to Acids and Bases · pH and pOH of Strong Acids and Bases · Weak Acid and Base Equilibria · Acid-Base Reactions and Buffers · Acid-Base Titrations · Molecular Structure of Acids and Bases · pH and pKa · Properties of Buffers · Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation · Buffer Capacity · pH and Solubility

9. Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry

Introduction to Entropy · Absolute Entropy and Entropy Change · Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Favorability · Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control · Free Energy and Equilibrium · Free Energy of Dissolution · Coupled Reactions · Galvanic (Voltaic) and Electrolytic Cells · Cell Potential and Free Energy · Cell Potential Under Nonstandard Conditions · Electrolysis and Faraday's Law