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China 九年级(初三) Chemistry

अध्याय: 12

1. Introduction

What chemistry studies

2. U1 Into the world of chemistry

Physical and chemical changes and properties · Experiments and inquiry; lab safety and basic skills

3. U2 Air and oxygen

Air around us · Oxygen · Preparing oxygen; catalysts · Lab activity 1: preparing and testing O₂ · Interdisciplinary 1: micro air-quality station

4. U3 Composition of matter

Molecules and atoms · Atomic structure; ions · Elements; periodic table intro · Interdisciplinary 2: models of atomic discovery

5. U4 Water in nature

Water resources and purification · Composition of water · Chemical formulae and valence; relative formula mass · Lab activity 2: composition of water · Interdisciplinary 3: water testing and home-made filter

6. U5 Quantitative relations in reactions

Conservation of mass · Chemical equations and simple calculations · Interdisciplinary 4: simple oxygen supplier

7. U6 Carbon and its oxides

Forms of carbon · Oxides of carbon · Preparing CO₂ in the lab · Lab activity 3: CO₂ preparation and properties · Interdisciplinary 5: low-carbon action plan

8. U7 Using and developing energy

Combustion of fuels; fire safety · Fossil fuels and their wise use · Lab activity 4: conditions for burning · Interdisciplinary 6: household fuels

9. U8 Metals and metal materials

Metal materials and alloys · Chemical properties of metals; reactivity series · Using and protecting metal resources; rusting · Lab activity 5: properties of common metals · Interdisciplinary 7: waste sorting and recycling

10. U9 Solutions

Solutions and uses · Solubility · Mass fraction of solute · Lab activity 6: preparing NaCl solution · Lab activity 7: removing insoluble impurities from salt · Interdisciplinary 8: marine resources and salt making

11. U10 Common acids, bases and salts

Acidity/alkalinity; pH; indicators · Common acids and bases; neutralisation · Common salts; double decomposition; fertilisers · Lab activity 8: acids and bases · Interdisciplinary 9: soil acidity and plants

12. U11 Chemistry and society

Chemistry and human health (nutrients, elements) · Chemistry and sustainable development (materials, green chemistry) · Interdisciplinary 10: new materials and energy in aerospace