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China 八年级(初二) Mathematics

अध्याय: 12

1. Ch.13 Triangles

Concept of a triangle · Sides; medians, angle bisectors, altitudes · Interior and exterior angles · Why proofs are needed · Practice: centre of gravity of a thin plate

2. Ch.14 Congruent triangles

Congruent triangles and properties · Tests for congruence (SAS, ASA, AAS, SSS, HL) · Angle bisector properties · Axiomatic method (history)

3. Ch.15 Axial symmetry

Axial symmetry; perpendicular bisector · Drawing symmetric figures · Isosceles and equilateral triangles · Sides vs angles inequality · Practice: shortest path

4. Ch.16 Multiplying polynomials

Laws of powers · Multiplying polynomials · Difference of squares; perfect squares · Yang Hui triangle

5. Ch.17 Factorisation

Common factor method · Using identities · x²+(p+q)x+pq type

6. Ch.18 Fractional expressions

Fractional expressions and basic property · Multiplying and dividing · Adding and subtracting · Integer exponents · Fractional equations

7. Ch.19 Quadratic radicals

Radicals and properties · Multiplication and division · Addition and subtraction

8. Ch.20 Pythagorean theorem

Pythagorean theorem and uses · Converse and uses

9. Ch.21 Quadrilaterals

Quadrilaterals and polygons (angle sums) · Parallelograms; midline theorem · Rectangles, rhombuses, squares

10. Ch.22 Functions

Concept of function · Representing functions

11. Ch.23 Linear functions

Linear function concept · Graphs and properties · Links to equations and inequalities · Real problems · Practice: music and mathematics

12. Ch.24 Data analysis

Central tendency (mean, weighted mean, median, mode) · Spread (variance) · Quartiles and box plots · Grouping data · Practice: student fitness survey