Thanking and replying
Short thanks: Thank you. Thanks a lot. Many thanks. Add the reason to make it warm: Thanks for + noun or -ing.
- Thanks for the gift.
- Thank you for helping me.
Replies: You're welcome. No problem. My pleasure. Any time.
Apologising
A good apology has three parts: say sorry, say what happened, offer a fix.
- I'm sorry I'm late. The bus was delayed.
- Sorry for the mess. I will clean it now.
- I apologise for my mistake. (formal)
Replies: That's OK. No problem. Don't worry about it.
Praising
Praise the action and say what was good.
- Great job!
- Well done on the project.
- You explained that very clearly.
Reply to praise with thanks: "Thank you! That means a lot."
Expressing surprise
Use short strong words with an exclamation mark.
- Wow! That is amazing!
- What a surprise!
- Really? I can't believe it!
Use a rising voice. Surprise can be good (a gift) or not good (bad news), so your face and voice must match the situation.
Key formulas and definitions
- Thanks for + noun / -ing
- I'm sorry + (that / for) + what happened
- Great job on + noun
- What a + noun! How + adjective!
- Key terms: thank, apologise, praise, surprise
Worked examples
1. Thank a friend who lent you a book.
Thanks for lending me your book. It was very useful.
2. You spilled water on a friend's notebook. Apologise.
I'm so sorry for spilling water on your notebook. I will help you copy it again.
3. Praise a classmate's speech.
Great speech! You spoke clearly and I loved the example.
4. Show surprise: your cousin is visiting today.
Really? What a surprise! That is wonderful news.
Common mistakes
- Saying only "Sorry" with no reason or fix.
- Saying "Thanks" without a reason when it was a big help.
- Praising only the person ("You are good") instead of the action.
- Using a flat voice for surprise, so it sounds fake.