CBSE Class 9 Home Science (064)

Chapters: 7

1. Concept and scope of Home Science and recent trends

Concept and scope of Home Science and recent trends

What Is Home Science? – Home science is the study of daily living. It uses science and art to make life at home, in the family and in the community healthy and happy. It has five fields: Food and Nutrition, Human Development (and family studies), Fabric and Apparel, Resource Management, and Communication and Extension. Home science is useful for everyone, boys and girls, because everyone eats, dresses, spends money and lives with others. It also leads to many careers, from dietitian to fashion designer to event planner.

Human growth and development

Coming soon

Family and values

Family Studies: How Families Live, Decide, Manage and Care – Family studies looks at how families are formed, what they do for their members and how they handle daily life. Families come in many forms (nuclear, extended, single-parent, blended, couples without children). Every family tries to meet four needs: food, shelter and safety, love and belonging, and learning and values. Members share roles and responsibilities. Good families make decisions in clear steps, manage limited resources such as time and money, learn practical skills for the home, and raise children with care, talk and play. Families change over time and differ across cultures, and society supports them with schools, health care and child-protection services.

Food, nutrition and health

Nutrition – Nutrition is how we get and use the substances in food. The body needs six groups of nutrients: carbohydrates and fats (mainly energy), proteins (growth and repair), vitamins and minerals (small amounts to keep the body working), and water, plus fibre for healthy digestion. Carbohydrate and protein give about 17 kJ per gram, fat about 37 kJ per gram. A balanced diet gives all nutrients in the right amounts, and energy in should roughly equal energy out.

Fibre and fabric

Textiles: From Fibre to Fabric, and How to Care for It – Textiles start as fibres. Natural fibres come from plants (cotton, linen, jute) or animals (wool, silk); manufactured fibres are regenerated (rayon) or synthetic (polyester, nylon, acrylic). Fibres are spun into yarn, and yarn becomes fabric by weaving (warp and weft), knitting (loops) or non-woven methods (felting, bonding). Finishes such as bleaching, dyeing, printing and water-repellency improve looks and use. Each fibre needs its own washing method (water temperature, soap, handling) and clothes must be stored clean, fully dry and protected from moths and mould.

Resource management

Resource Management: Making the Most of What We Have – A resource is anything used to reach a goal. Human resources are inside people (time, energy, knowledge, skills, attitude); non-human resources are things (money, materials, space, tools). Resources can be individual or shared, natural or community. They are limited, useful, can replace one another and must be managed. Management is a process: plan, organise, implement, control and evaluate. Time, money and energy are the resources families manage most, using time plans, budgets and work-saving methods.

Safety and management of emergencies

First Aid: What to Do in an Emergency – First aid is the help you give an injured or ill person until trained help arrives. Its aims: preserve life, stop things getting worse, help recovery. Follow DRABC: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, CPR/Call. Breathing but unresponsive → recovery position. Not breathing normally → CPR 30:2 at 100-120 pushes a minute, 5-6 cm deep, and an AED. Bleeding → direct pressure. Burns → cool running water 20 minutes. Choking → back blows and abdominal thrusts. Sprains → RICE.