Ontario Grade 11 TTJ3C Transportation Technology (Grade 11, College Preparation)
Chapters: 4
1. A. Transportation Technology Fundamentals
A1 Understanding Engines · A2 Understanding Electrical and Electronic Circuits and Components · A3 Understanding Major Systems and Components · A4 Technological and Mathematical Literacy
- Engines, Powertrain and Vehicle Systems – A four-stroke engine turns the chemical energy of fuel into motion through intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes. Cylinders can be inline, V or flat. Fuel, lubrication, cooling and ignition systems keep it running, and timing makes sparks and valves act at the right moment. Size is given by displacement = π/4 × bore² × stroke × cylinders. Power flows engine → clutch → gearbox → drive shaft → differential → wheels. Gears trade speed for torque: gear ratio = driven teeth ÷ driver teeth. Technicians use specifications, trouble charts and safe tools to inspect, measure wear and repair.
- Automotive Electrical Systems – A vehicle runs on a 12 V system (24 V in many trucks, 48 V or high-voltage packs in hybrids and EVs). Current flows from the battery +, through protection, switches and loads, and returns through the metal body (chassis ground). Ohm's law V = I × R and power P = V × I size wires and fuses. The three main faults are open circuits (no current), shorts to ground (very high current, fuse blows) and high resistance (dim or slow). Fuses, circuit breakers and fusible links protect wiring. A lead-acid battery has six 2.1 V cells; the alternator recharges it at about 14 V. A multimeter tests voltage, continuity, resistance and voltage drop.
2. B. Transportation Technology Skills
B1 Engine Service and Repair · B2 Electrical Circuit Testing and Repair · B3 Service and Repair of Steering/Control, Suspension, Brake, and Body Systems · B4 Challenges and Repair Problems
- Engines, Powertrain and Vehicle Systems – A four-stroke engine turns the chemical energy of fuel into motion through intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes. Cylinders can be inline, V or flat. Fuel, lubrication, cooling and ignition systems keep it running, and timing makes sparks and valves act at the right moment. Size is given by displacement = π/4 × bore² × stroke × cylinders. Power flows engine → clutch → gearbox → drive shaft → differential → wheels. Gears trade speed for torque: gear ratio = driven teeth ÷ driver teeth. Technicians use specifications, trouble charts and safe tools to inspect, measure wear and repair.
- Automotive Electrical Systems – A vehicle runs on a 12 V system (24 V in many trucks, 48 V or high-voltage packs in hybrids and EVs). Current flows from the battery +, through protection, switches and loads, and returns through the metal body (chassis ground). Ohm's law V = I × R and power P = V × I size wires and fuses. The three main faults are open circuits (no current), shorts to ground (very high current, fuse blows) and high resistance (dim or slow). Fuses, circuit breakers and fusible links protect wiring. A lead-acid battery has six 2.1 V cells; the alternator recharges it at about 14 V. A multimeter tests voltage, continuity, resistance and voltage drop.
- Human Body Systems – Your body is organised in levels: cells make tissues, tissues make organs, organs make organ systems, and all systems together make you, the organism. Each system has a main job: skeletal (frame), muscular (movement), circulatory (transport), respiratory (gas exchange), digestive (food), excretory (waste), nervous and endocrine (control), immune (defence), integumentary (skin, hair, nails) and reproductive. No system works alone: during exercise the muscles, heart, lungs and nerves all change together to keep the inside of the body steady (homeostasis).
- Solutions: How Things Dissolve and How Much Can Dissolve – A solution is a uniform mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent. In water (an aqueous solution) the solute breaks into particles too small to see, so it never settles and passes through filter paper. Concentration tells how much solute is present (mass % = solute ÷ solution × 100). Solubility is the most that can dissolve in 100 g of solvent at a given temperature; beyond it the solution is saturated. Evaporation, crystallisation and distillation separate solutions.
3. C. Technology,the Environment, and Society
C1 Technology and the Environment · C2 Technology and Society
- Environmental Stewardship: Caring for the Planet as We Use Technology – Environmental stewardship means using the Earth's resources carefully so they last, and fixing harm where we can. Every product, from a phone to a hospital machine, has a life cycle: raw materials, making, transport, use and end of life. Each stage uses energy and makes waste. Good stewards keep products longer, choose efficient machines, follow the waste hierarchy (refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle, then dispose), send e-waste to proper recyclers and support laws and company practices that protect nature. Technology can harm the environment, but it can also help: solar panels, LEDs and smart sensors cut waste.
4. D. Professional Practice and Career Opportunities
D1 Health and Safety · D2 Career Opportunities
- Health and Safety: Hazards, Risks and Controls – A hazard is anything that can cause harm. Risk is how likely the harm is and how bad it would be: risk = likelihood × severity. A risk assessment finds hazards, decides who could be harmed, rates the risk, adds controls and is reviewed. Use the hierarchy of control: eliminate, substitute, engineering controls, admin (rules, training, signs), then PPE last. Safety signs use colour and shape. Workshops, art rooms and workplaces need guards, ventilation, labelled materials, clear exits and first aid. Laws in most countries make employers and workers share the duty to stay safe.
- Career Planning: From Knowing Yourself to Your First Job – Career planning has five steps. 1) Know yourself: interests, skills and values. 2) Explore career families and find out the work, study needed, pay and demand. 3) Plan a pathway with SMART goals and a plan B. 4) Search for jobs with a CV, cover letter, digital portfolio and interview practice. 5) Make the move from school to work and keep learning, because careers change over a lifetime.