Romania Clasa a XII-a Computer Science (mathematics-informatics, incl. intensive)
Chapters: 5
1. Module 1: Databases (compulsory)
Conceptual model · Tables and databases · Introduction to SQL · Professional development in IT
- Relational Databases: Tables, Rows, Columns and Keys – Keeping data in many separate files leads to repeated data, mismatched copies and hard searching, so we use a database managed by a DBMS. In the relational model data sits in tables called relations. A column is an attribute, a row is a tuple, and the set of allowed values for a column is its domain. The number of columns is the degree; the number of rows is the cardinality. A candidate key is any column (or set) that can identify every row uniquely; the one chosen is the primary key and the others are alternate keys. A foreign key is a column in one table that refers to the primary key of another table, linking them.
- Database Concepts: DBMS, Relations and Keys – Keeping data in separate files causes duplication, inconsistency and poor security. A database stores related data in one organised place, and a DBMS (like MySQL) is the software that manages it. In the relational model, data is kept in tables (relations) made of columns (attributes) and rows (tuples); a domain is the set of allowed values of a column. A candidate key uniquely identifies each row; one is chosen as the primary key and the others are alternate keys.
- SQL with MySQL: Create Tables, Change Rows and Ask Questions – SQL (Structured Query Language) is the language used to talk to a relational DBMS like MySQL. DDL commands (CREATE, ALTER, DROP) define tables; DML commands (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) change rows; DQL (SELECT) reads data. Each column has a data type such as INT, FLOAT, CHAR, VARCHAR or DATE. SELECT … WHERE filters rows using relational operators, BETWEEN, AND/OR/NOT and IS NULL.
- Career Planning: From Knowing Yourself to Your First Job – Career planning has five steps. 1) Know yourself: interests, skills and values. 2) Explore career families and find out the work, study needed, pay and demand. 3) Plan a pathway with SMART goals and a plan B. 4) Search for jobs with a CV, cover letter, digital portfolio and interview practice. 5) Make the move from school to work and keep learning, because careers change over a lifetime.
2. Module 2: Database management systems (optional)
Variant A: data modelling and SQL · Variant B: Visual FoxPro
- SQL with MySQL: Create Tables, Change Rows and Ask Questions – SQL (Structured Query Language) is the language used to talk to a relational DBMS like MySQL. DDL commands (CREATE, ALTER, DROP) define tables; DML commands (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) change rows; DQL (SELECT) reads data. Each column has a data type such as INT, FLOAT, CHAR, VARCHAR or DATE. SELECT … WHERE filters rows using relational operators, BETWEEN, AND/OR/NOT and IS NULL.
- Database Concepts: DBMS, Relations and Keys – Keeping data in separate files causes duplication, inconsistency and poor security. A database stores related data in one organised place, and a DBMS (like MySQL) is the software that manages it. In the relational model, data is kept in tables (relations) made of columns (attributes) and rows (tuples); a domain is the set of allowed values of a column. A candidate key uniquely identifies each row; one is chosen as the primary key and the others are alternate keys.
3. Module 3: Visual programming (optional)
Visual programming
- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) – Object-oriented programming builds a program out of objects. A class is a blueprint that lists the data (attributes) and actions (methods) its objects will have. Each object is made from a class and keeps its own data. The four big ideas are encapsulation (hide data behind methods), inheritance (a new class reuses an old one), polymorphism (the same method call behaves in the right way for each object) and abstraction (show only what is needed).
4. Module 4: Web programming (optional)
Web programming
- Web Development: How HTML, CSS and JavaScript Build a Web Page – A web page is a set of text files. The browser (client) asks a server for them using a URL and HTTP. HTML gives the page its structure: headings, paragraphs, links, images, lists, tables and forms. CSS gives style: colours, fonts, spacing and layout. JavaScript gives behaviour: it reacts to clicks and changes the page. Responsive design makes one page fit both phones and computers. Good pages are also accessible, fast and safe.
5. Module 5: Procedural database programming (optional)
PL/SQL, Transact-SQL or MySQL
- SQL with MySQL: Create Tables, Change Rows and Ask Questions – SQL (Structured Query Language) is the language used to talk to a relational DBMS like MySQL. DDL commands (CREATE, ALTER, DROP) define tables; DML commands (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) change rows; DQL (SELECT) reads data. Each column has a data type such as INT, FLOAT, CHAR, VARCHAR or DATE. SELECT … WHERE filters rows using relational operators, BETWEEN, AND/OR/NOT and IS NULL.