South 고등학교 3학년 Science in Daily Life
Chapters: 4
1. Healthy life
Disease, medicine, hygiene · Science and health in history · Rational health choices · Drug misuse · Food science · Science and diet · Informed food consumers · Toxic substances
- Public Health – Public health is the work of keeping whole communities healthy: preventing disease, promoting healthy living and making sure everyone can get care. Infectious diseases spread through air, water, food, touch and insects; hygiene, clean water, sanitation and vaccination break the chain. When enough people are immune, herd immunity protects the rest. Health systems work in levels (primary, secondary, tertiary) and use surveillance data to spot outbreaks early.
- History of Science: How Our Ideas About Nature Changed – Science grew slowly over 5,000 years. Early civilisations watched the sky to make calendars. Greek thinkers asked why things happen and used reason. Indian and Islamic scholars gave us zero, algebra and careful experiments. In the Scientific Revolution, Copernicus, Galileo and Newton replaced the Earth-centred model with a Sun-centred one and tested ideas by experiment. Modern science brought atoms, evolution, relativity and quantum theory. Each step shows the same lesson: good evidence can overturn old ideas.
- Healthy Lifestyle: Daily Habits That Keep You Well – A healthy lifestyle is a set of daily habits: a balanced diet from five food groups, enough water, 9–11 hours of sleep for school-age children and about 8–10 for teenagers, at least 60 minutes of activity a day, good posture, safe food handling and avoiding tobacco, alcohol and drugs. These habits lower the risk of lifestyle (non-communicable) diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease and some cancers.
- Addiction: How It Starts and How to Stay Free – Addiction is losing control over a substance or a behaviour, even when it causes harm. It can be to substances (tobacco, alcohol, drugs, misused medicines) or to behaviours (gaming, gambling, social media). Each use gives the brain a burst of dopamine, which teaches it to repeat the action; with time tolerance grows and you need more. Warning signs are craving, loss of control, compulsion and carrying on despite harm. Protection comes from refusal skills, healthy rewards, sleep and routine, and asking for help early. Addiction is treatable.
- Food Science: The Chemistry of What We Eat – Food science studies what food is made of and how it changes from farm to plate. Food contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, vitamins and minerals. Cooking changes them: heat unfolds proteins (denaturation), starch swells in water (gelatinisation), and dry heat browns food through the Maillard reaction and caramelisation. Microbes ferment food into bread, curd and pickles, but can also spoil it. Processing, preservation and safe temperatures keep food safe and nutritious for a growing world population.
- Nutrition – Nutrition is how we get and use the substances in food. The body needs six groups of nutrients: carbohydrates and fats (mainly energy), proteins (growth and repair), vitamins and minerals (small amounts to keep the body working), and water, plus fibre for healthy digestion. Carbohydrate and protein give about 17 kJ per gram, fat about 37 kJ per gram. A balanced diet gives all nutrients in the right amounts, and energy in should roughly equal energy out.
- Consumer Education: How to Be a Smart Buyer – A consumer is anyone who buys or uses goods and services. Smart buying starts with sorting needs (must have) from wants (nice to have). Rational consumption compares benefit with cost, counts the opportunity cost (what else the money could buy) and stays inside a budget. Sellers use psychology: anchor prices (a big crossed-out price), bandwagon ('everyone has it'), rush (countdowns), 99-endings and celebrity ads; teens are a key target online. Clicking 'I agree' makes a contract, so read terms, auto-renewal, cancel and refund rules. Read labels: price per unit, expiry, ingredients, allergens, nutrition and safety marks. Consumers have rights (safety, information, choice, to be heard, redress, education, basic needs, clean environment) and duties (keep bills, check marks, complain properly, buy sustainably). Together, consumers shape culture: what we buy decides what gets made.
- Environmental Health – Environmental health is about how our surroundings — air, water, food, soil, chemicals, noise, heat and the buildings we live in — affect our health. Harm reaches the body by four roads: breathing, drinking, eating and touching. Risk depends on the dose and how long we are exposed. Some poisons build up along food chains. The One Health idea says human, animal and environmental health are linked, so we protect all three together.
2. Beautiful life
Chemistry of cosmetics · Beauty and health · Choosing products · Ethics of cosmetics · Clothing materials · Science and clothing history · Clothing for situations · Functional clothing
- The Chemistry of Cosmetics – A cosmetic is a product put on skin, hair, nails or teeth to clean, protect or change how they look. Most creams are emulsions: tiny oil drops held in water (or water in oil) by an emulsifier. Sunscreens absorb or reflect UV light: UVB burns the surface, UVA goes deeper and ages skin; SPF tells how much UVB is blocked. Antioxidants mop up free radicals. Using cosmetics responsibly means knowing your skin type, reading the ingredient list, patch testing and thinking about cost and the environment.
- Healthy Lifestyle: Daily Habits That Keep You Well – A healthy lifestyle is a set of daily habits: a balanced diet from five food groups, enough water, 9–11 hours of sleep for school-age children and about 8–10 for teenagers, at least 60 minutes of activity a day, good posture, safe food handling and avoiding tobacco, alcohol and drugs. These habits lower the risk of lifestyle (non-communicable) diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease and some cancers.
- Bioethics: Deciding What Is Right in Biology and Medicine – Bioethics asks whether we should do what biology and medicine now let us do. It uses four principles: autonomy (respect choice), beneficence (do good), non-maleficence (do no harm) and justice (fairness). Human dignity means a person is never only a means to an end, so informed consent is needed. Therapeutic cloning may be allowed under strict rules; reproductive human cloning is banned in most countries. Start-of-life and end-of-life questions are weighed as benefits against risks and values.
- Materials and Their Properties – Everything we make is built from materials: wood, metals, plastics, glass, ceramics, fabrics and composites. Each has properties such as strength, stiffness, hardness, flexibility, density, heat and electrical conduction, transparency, water resistance and cost. Designers choose a material whose properties fit the job, think about how it will be shaped and joined (screws, nails, glue, welding, soldering, stitching), and consider safety, cost and the environment. Clothes are made from natural fibres (cotton, wool, silk) and synthetic fibres (polyester, nylon), each with its own feel and use.
3. Convenient life
Science of buildings · Housing and environment · Building safety · Eco-friendly buildings · Science of transport · Transport development · Sustainable transport · Traffic safety
- Housing: How Homes Meet Our Needs and Change Over Time – Housing is the place where people live. A good home gives shelter, safety, privacy, health and a sense of belonging. Houses are shaped by climate, local materials, culture, money and the way families live. Inside, living space is arranged into private, shared and service zones. A healthy home has fresh air, daylight, low damp and is kept clean and organised. Housing changes as society changes: from traditional houses such as courtyard homes to city apartments and future green, smart and shared homes. Fair access to decent, affordable housing is an important social issue.
- Safety Education: Staying Safe at Home, on the Road and with People – Safety means spotting hazards early and acting before harm happens. Risk = likelihood × harm. Keep exits clear and use stairs in a fire, follow traffic rules and wear a helmet or seat belt, wash hands and use medicine correctly, and in any unsafe situation with a person: say NO, GO away and TELL a trusted adult.
- Sustainability – Sustainability means meeting our needs today without taking away the ability of future people to meet theirs. It rests on three pillars — environment, society and economy. A resource is used sustainably when we use it no faster than it renews. Today humanity uses about 1.7 Earths' worth of resources a year, and this use is very unequal. Stewardship, careful planning and spatial tools like GIS help us move towards sustainability.
- Transport Technology: Moving People and Goods – Transport technology moves people and goods from place to place. Every transport system has five parts: a vehicle, a way (road, rail, sea lane, air route), terminals (stations, ports, airports), a power source and a control system. Land vehicles push on the ground using friction. Ships float because water pushes up (buoyancy). Planes fly when lift beats weight and thrust beats drag. Rockets push gas backwards and are pushed forwards. Engines turn fuel or electricity into motion; electric motors waste less energy. Safety depends on stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance. Future transport aims to be cleaner, safer and smarter: electric and hydrogen vehicles, maglev trains, drones and self-driving cars.
4. Cultural life
Science in sport and arts · Science in civilisation's milestones · Science documentaries and exhibitions · Science in artworks · Stage, film, media art · Science behind performances · Camera and Impressionism · Culture and mental health
- Art and Technology: How New Inventions Change Art – New technology has changed art again and again. The printing press (about 1450) let one image be copied many times, so art reached ordinary people. Paint in metal tubes (1841) let painters work outdoors. Photography (1839) took over the job of copying reality, so painting turned to colour, feeling and new ways of seeing. Cinema (1895) added time and motion. Computers (from the 1960s, common after 1980) made digital, internet and now AI art, where copies are free and works can react to viewers. Artists also use science: perspective (geometry), colour theory (light and the prism), new materials, and today 'artistic research' where art and science investigate together. Each new tool raises questions: what is original, who is the author, and what is art for?
- Science in Art and Art in Science – Art and science help each other. Science gives art ideas like ratio, symmetry, perspective, fractal patterns and the chemistry of colour. Art helps science by drawing and showing what is hard to see, from the body to the tiny world. Today pixels, AI and virtual reality (VR) make a new kind of art where an image is a set of numbers.
- History of Science: How Our Ideas About Nature Changed – Science grew slowly over 5,000 years. Early civilisations watched the sky to make calendars. Greek thinkers asked why things happen and used reason. Indian and Islamic scholars gave us zero, algebra and careful experiments. In the Scientific Revolution, Copernicus, Galileo and Newton replaced the Earth-centred model with a Sun-centred one and tested ideas by experiment. Modern science brought atoms, evolution, relativity and quantum theory. Each step shows the same lesson: good evidence can overturn old ideas.
- Science Communication: Sharing and Judging Scientific Results – Science communication means sharing findings clearly and honestly, and judging what others claim. Fit the message to the audience without changing the facts. Reports and posters follow an order: question, method, results, conclusion with limits, references. Graphs need titles, labelled axes and units. In demonstrations and exhibitions, show the idea in action and invite questions. In the media, claims often grow bigger than the evidence, and everyday words like theory mean something different in science. Check the source, the evidence, the sample size and whether others confirmed it.
- Mental Health: Feelings, Stress and Support – Mental health is how we think, feel, cope and get along with others. Like physical health, everyone has it and it moves up and down. Emotions are useful signals. Stress adds up like water in a bucket; healthy coping (sleep, movement, talking, calm breathing, planning) lets it drain. Self-esteem and good relationships protect us. If feelings stay very heavy for two weeks or more, or stop daily life, talk to a trusted adult or a professional — asking for help is a sign of strength.