South 고등학교 3학년 Agricultural Life Science
Chapters: 3
1. Agriculture and rural areas
Meaning and fields of agriculture · Rural amenities and rural life · Food security · Agriculture and environment · Agricultural culture and the future
- Agriculture Basics: How Farming Began, Changed and Feeds the World – Agriculture is growing crops and raising animals on purpose. It began about 10,000–12,000 years ago in several separate hearths, where people domesticated wild plants and animals; it then spread by diffusion. The Second Agricultural Revolution (about 1700–1900) brought better tools, crop rotation and machines, so fewer farmers fed more people. The Green Revolution (from the 1960s) used high-yield seeds, irrigation and fertiliser. Farming can be subsistence or commercial, intensive or extensive. The von Thünen model explains why land use forms rings around a market. Today agriculture is a global system facing challenges of sustainability, climate, land use, food security and fair roles for women.
- Rural Geography: How Countryside Areas Live and Change – Rural areas have few people per square kilometre, lots of open land and small settlements. Farming shaped them, but machines mean fewer farm jobs. Today rural land has many uses: homes for commuters, tourism, nature protection and energy. Areas near cities often grow (the rural-urban fringe), while remote areas may lose people and services. Farmers, residents, local councils and businesses all want different things, so land-use planning sets rules.
- Food Security: Feeding Everyone, Every Day – Food security means every person, at all times, can get enough safe and nutritious food for an active, healthy life. It rests on four pillars: availability (food is produced or imported), access (people can afford and reach it), use (good nutrition, clean water, safe cooking) and stability (supply does not collapse in bad years). Food supply is uneven across the world. Demand keeps rising with population, incomes and changing diets, while climate change, water shortage, soil loss, conflict and waste limit supply. Food insecurity causes hunger, malnutrition, high prices, migration and unrest. Supply can be raised by irrigation, better seeds, new technology and cutting waste, but long-term answers must also be sustainable and fair.
2. Agricultural life science and technology
Science behind farming · Agricultural products in daily life · Safe produce · Processing and distribution · Agricultural trade
- Agriculture Basics: How Farming Began, Changed and Feeds the World – Agriculture is growing crops and raising animals on purpose. It began about 10,000–12,000 years ago in several separate hearths, where people domesticated wild plants and animals; it then spread by diffusion. The Second Agricultural Revolution (about 1700–1900) brought better tools, crop rotation and machines, so fewer farmers fed more people. The Green Revolution (from the 1960s) used high-yield seeds, irrigation and fertiliser. Farming can be subsistence or commercial, intensive or extensive. The von Thünen model explains why land use forms rings around a market. Today agriculture is a global system facing challenges of sustainability, climate, land use, food security and fair roles for women.
- Food Safety and Hygiene – Food can carry tiny living things (bacteria, viruses, moulds) that make us ill. Four habits keep food safe: clean (hands, tools, surfaces), separate (raw away from ready-to-eat), cook (to at least 75 °C in the centre) and chill (keep cold food at 5 °C or below). Bacteria multiply fastest in the danger zone, 5–60 °C, and can double every 20 minutes. Food businesses use a hazard-control plan (HACCP) and cleaning routines to keep food safe.
- Food Science: The Chemistry of What We Eat – Food science studies what food is made of and how it changes from farm to plate. Food contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, vitamins and minerals. Cooking changes them: heat unfolds proteins (denaturation), starch swells in water (gelatinisation), and dry heat browns food through the Maillard reaction and caramelisation. Microbes ferment food into bread, curd and pickles, but can also spoil it. Processing, preservation and safe temperatures keep food safe and nutritious for a growing world population.
- International Trade – International trade is buying and selling goods and services across the boundaries of countries. Selling abroad is export; buying from abroad is import. It helps nations (foreign exchange, growth, jobs) and firms (profit, new markets). Exports and imports follow fixed steps and need many documents, such as the letter of credit and bill of lading. The WTO (1995) makes trade rules and works to cut trade barriers.
3. Agriculture and careers
Farm-related jobs and licences · Planning a career in agriculture
- Career Planning: From Knowing Yourself to Your First Job – Career planning has five steps. 1) Know yourself: interests, skills and values. 2) Explore career families and find out the work, study needed, pay and demand. 3) Plan a pathway with SMART goals and a plan B. 4) Search for jobs with a CV, cover letter, digital portfolio and interview practice. 5) Make the move from school to work and keep learning, because careers change over a lifetime.