National Year 11 History
Chapters: 7
1. AA Britain: Health and the people: c1000 to the present day (Paper 2 Section A thematic study - choose one)
Medicine stands still · The beginnings of change · A revolution in medicine · Modern medicine
- History of Medicine – For hundreds of years (about 1000–1500) most doctors followed old ideas from ancient Greece: illness came from an imbalance of four humours, treated by bleeding and purging, with prayer and herbs. The Renaissance (1500s–1700s) brought careful dissection (Vesalius), the circulation of blood (Harvey) and the first vaccine (Jenner, 1796). In the 1800s germ theory (Pasteur, Koch) showed that microbes cause disease; surgery solved pain (anaesthetics), infection (antiseptics) and later bleeding (blood groups). In the 1900s antibiotics, X-rays, DNA science, wars, new technology and government public-health systems changed medicine again. Change was driven by individuals, science, technology, war, government and communication, and slowed by tradition, religion and lack of knowledge.
2. AB Britain: Power and the people: c1170 to the present day (Paper 2 Section A thematic study - choose one)
Challenging authority and feudalism · Challenging royal authority · Reform and reformers · Equality and rights
- Power and the People in Britain – Over about 800 years, power in Britain slowly moved from the monarch to the people. In 1215 rebel barons forced King John to accept Magna Carta, a set of limits on the king. Parliament grew from royal councils, and in 1265 towns sent members for the first time. Ordinary people sometimes rose up, as in the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 and the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536. In the 1600s kings who claimed a Divine Right to rule clashed with Parliament; after a civil war and the Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights (1689) put Parliament above the Crown. From the 1800s protest and reform widened the vote step by step (1832, 1867, 1884, 1918, 1928), while workers built trade unions. In the 1900s campaigners won rights for women, workers and minority groups.
3. AC Britain: Migration, empires and the people: c790 to the present day (Paper 2 Section A thematic study - choose one)
Conquered and conquerors · Looking west · Expansion and empire · Britain in the 20th century
- Migration – Migration is the movement of people from one place to another to live there, for some time or for good. The place left is the origin; the place reached is the destination. People move because of push factors (problems at home) and pull factors (attractions elsewhere), but obstacles like cost, distance and laws stop some. Migration can be internal or international, temporary or permanent, voluntary or forced, and it changes both the origin and the destination.
4. BA Norman England, c1066-c1100 (Paper 2 Section B British depth study incl. historic environment - choose one)
The Normans: conquest and control · Life under the Normans · The Norman Church and monasticism · The historic environment of Norman England
- The Norman Conquest of England – When Edward the Confessor died in January 1066 with no son, three men claimed the English crown: Harold Godwinson, William of Normandy and Harald Hardrada of Norway. Harold was crowned, beat Hardrada at Stamford Bridge, then lost to William at Hastings on 14 October 1066. William kept control with castles, harsh punishment of revolts (above all the Harrying of the North), a new Norman ruling class and the feudal system. The Domesday Book (1086) recorded who held land and what it was worth. Under Archbishop Lanfranc the Church was reorganised, great stone cathedrals were built and new monasteries founded. Castles and cathedrals that survive today let us read the history of the period in stone.
5. BB Medieval England - the reign of Edward I, 1272-1307 (Paper 2 Section B British depth study incl. historic environment - choose one)
Government, the rights of King and people · Life in Medieval England · Edward I's military campaigns in Wales and Scotland · The historic environment of Medieval England
- Medieval England, 1066–1307: How Kings, Barons and the Law Changed – After the Norman Conquest of 1066, England was run through the feudal system: land for loyalty and service. Henry II (1154–1189) restored royal power after a civil war, built a common law with royal courts and juries, and clashed with Archbishop Thomas Becket. Richard I spent his reign mostly abroad. King John lost lands in France, taxed hard, and in 1215 had to accept Magna Carta, which put the king under the law. Edward I (1272–1307) used Parliament to raise taxes and pass statutes, conquered Wales and fought long wars in Scotland. Most people lived in villages as peasants, under the lord of the manor and the Church.
6. BC Elizabethan England, c1568-1603 (Paper 2 Section B British depth study incl. historic environment - choose one)
Elizabeth's court and Parliament · Life in Elizabethan times · Troubles at home and abroad · The historic environment of Elizabethan England
- Elizabethan England (1558–1603) – Elizabeth I ruled England for 45 years. She faced hard problems: people doubted a woman could rule, the country was split over religion, money was short and Catholic Spain was a danger. She ruled through her court and Privy Council, worked (and argued) with Parliament, survived plots linked to Mary, Queen of Scots, and saw off the Spanish Armada in 1588. For the rich it was a 'Golden Age' of theatre, fine houses and voyages; for the poor it was a time of rising prices and hunger, which led to the Poor Laws.
7. BD Restoration England, 1660-1685 (Paper 2 Section B British depth study incl. historic environment - choose one)
Crown, Parliament, plots and court life · Life in Restoration England · Land, trade and war · The historic environment of Restoration England
- Restoration England (1660–1685) – After the Civil Wars and 11 years without a king, the monarchy was restored in 1660 when Charles II came back. He had to share power with Parliament, which controlled money. Fear of Catholics grew, especially because his brother James was Catholic, leading to the Popish Plot and the Exclusion Crisis, where the first political parties (Whigs and Tories) appeared. London suffered the Great Plague (1665) and the Great Fire (1666), then rebuilt in brick and stone. Trade grew across the oceans, wars were fought with the Dutch, and coffee houses, theatres and the Royal Society spread new ideas.