Ukraine 9 клас Foreign Language (first, e.g. English)

Chapters: 7

1. Communicative functions

Speaking functions for grade 9

Coming soon

Personality

Coming soon

Nature and weather · Clothes

Environmental Issues: Causes, Effects and Solutions – Environmental issues are harmful changes to air, water, land, climate and living things, mostly caused by human activity. The big ones are air pollution, water pollution, land pollution and waste, climate change, deforestation and loss of biodiversity, and overuse of resources. They grow with the number of people and how much each person uses (the ecological footprint). We can reduce them with clean energy, saving and recycling, treating waste water, protecting forests and good laws, at home, in the city, in the country and across the world.
Clothing: Why We Wear It, What It Is Made Of and How to Choose It – Clothes protect us from sun, rain and cold, give modesty, show identity (uniforms, traditional dress such as the sari or hanbok) and let us express ourselves. They are made of fibres: natural ones from plants (cotton, linen) and animals (wool, silk), and synthetic ones from petroleum (polyester, nylon). Fibres are spun into yarn and made into fabric by weaving (over-under) or knitting (loops). Design uses line, colour, shape and texture. A smart buyer plans a wardrobe, checks fit, quality and the care label, compares shops, works out cost per wear, and chooses sustainable options: buy less, mend, swap and recycle.

Mass media · Youth culture

Mass Media – Mass media are channels that carry the same message from one sender to a very large audience: print (newspapers, magazines), broadcast (radio, TV, film) and digital (websites, social media, music videos, video games). They inform, educate, entertain and persuade. Owners, editors and algorithms act as gatekeepers that choose which news we see. New media is digital, interactive and two-way, so audiences can reply and create. Sociologists debate how strongly media affect audiences, from direct 'injection' to active audiences who choose and interpret.

Science and technical progress · Work and profession

Career Planning: From Knowing Yourself to Your First Job – Career planning has five steps. 1) Know yourself: interests, skills and values. 2) Explore career families and find out the work, study needed, pay and demand. 3) Plan a pathway with SMART goals and a plan B. 4) Search for jobs with a CV, cover letter, digital portfolio and interview practice. 5) Make the move from school to work and keep learning, because careers change over a lifetime.

Cities and sights

Cultural Geography: How Places Shape Culture and Culture Shapes Places – Cultural geography studies how human culture differs from place to place and how it spreads. Culture is a group's shared way of life: language, religion, food, clothing, buildings, art and festivals. People change the land to fit their culture, making a cultural landscape. The natural environment, especially climate and nearness to the sea, influences homes, food and clothing, though people also use technology and choice. Areas with similar traits form culture regions. Cultures start in hearths and spread by diffusion: relocation (people move) or expansion (the idea moves), which can be contagious, hierarchical or stimulus. Diffusion can lead to acculturation, assimilation, syncretism and, today, globalisation.

Grammar consolidation to B1

Coming soon