Ukraine 11 клас Art (profile level)
Chapters: 3
1. Art of the European cultural region
European art
- World Art: How Different Cultures Make Art – Every cultural region has its own art language, shaped by its beliefs, materials and way of life. African art uses bold, simplified forms in masks, wood figures, bronze and textiles, often for ritual and community events, and it inspired modern European art such as Cubism. Indian art is rich in detail and symmetry: temple towers, stupas, sculpture, miniature and folk painting. Far Eastern art values brush-and-ink, calligraphy and empty space. Arab-Muslim art builds geometric stars, arabesques and calligraphy by repeating a rule. Pre-Columbian America made stepped pyramids, textiles and gold work; later came totems and Mexican murals. European art moves from Greek columns to Gothic, Renaissance perspective and modern styles. To interpret any work, describe it, link it to its culture, notice how it makes you feel, then try making your own work in that style.
2. European cultural region: Ukraine
Ukrainian art
- Cultural Heritage – Cultural heritage is everything a community receives from the past, values today and wants to pass on: buildings and monuments, objects in museums, languages, music, dance, festivals, crafts, food and knowledge. Tangible heritage can be touched (immovable like temples and bridges, movable like coins and manuscripts); intangible heritage is lived and practised; natural heritage covers special landscapes and wildlife. Heritage gives identity, teaches history, brings income through tourism and links people across cultures. It is threatened by weathering, pollution, crowds, careless development, neglect and conflict, and is protected by conservation, laws, museums, heritage lists, education and local communities.
3. Practical modules (school chooses one or more)
Singing · Musical instrument · Graphics · Computer graphics · Painting · Sculpture · Decorative and applied art · Basics of design · Choreography · Theatre · Photo art · Film art · Theatre and film projects; art of the home region
- Music Performance: Playing Solo and in an Ensemble – Performing music means playing or singing a piece for listeners. A good performance is accurate (right notes, right rhythm), keeps a steady tempo, uses dynamics and phrasing to show feeling, and fits the style of the music. In an ensemble, players also listen to each other, balance their volume and follow cues. Good preparation is slow, careful practice in small chunks, then speeding up and performing for others.
- Musical Instruments – Every musical instrument makes something vibrate: a string, a column of air, a stretched skin, a solid body or an electronic circuit and speaker. We group instruments by what vibrates: strings (chordophones), wind (aerophones), drums with skins (membranophones), solid percussion (idiophones) and electronic (electrophones). Smaller, shorter or tighter vibrating parts give higher notes. Each instrument has its own timbre (tone colour) because it adds its own mix of harmonics. In an orchestra or band, instruments are combined to make rich colours.
- Drawing and Painting – Drawing is a way of seeing and thinking: we use it to record what we observe, to remember, to plan designs and to express ideas. A good drawing starts by blocking in: seeing objects as simple shapes (sphere, box, cylinder) and checking proportions with light lines. Line then defines edges, and line weight (heavy or light) shows what is near or far. Light gives form: on a lit object we see the highlight, mid-tone, core shadow, reflected light and cast shadow. Tonal value runs from white to black; strong contrast of light and dark is called chiaroscuro, and a picture can be in a high key (mostly light) or low key (mostly dark). Dry media (graphite, charcoal, pastels, coloured pencils) build tone with hatching, cross-hatching, stippling and blending; wet media (ink, watercolour, gouache, acrylic, oil) build it with washes, layers (glazes) and mixing colours. Linear and atmospheric perspective show space, and figure drawing uses proportion, gesture and foreshortening. Artists record ideas in sketchbooks and use traditional, alternative and digital tools safely and sustainably.
- Digital Media: How Pictures, Sound and Video Become Numbers – Digital media is any picture, sound, video or animation stored as numbers on a computer. A raster image is a grid of pixels, each stored as red, green and blue values from 0 to 255. Vector graphics store shapes as maths, so they stay sharp at any size. Video and animation are many frames shown quickly. File size grows with resolution and colour depth, so we use compression. When we make or share media we must respect copyright, licences and people's image rights, and work safely and critically.
- Sculpture Techniques – Sculpture is art in three dimensions. It can be relief (attached to a background: low or high) or in the round (free-standing, seen from all sides). There are four main ways to make it: subtractive carving (remove material from stone or wood), additive modelling (build up clay or wax, often over an armature), casting (pour a liquid such as molten bronze into a mould) and construction or assemblage (join parts). Sculptors plan with drawings and a maquette, choose a degree of realism from realistic to abstract, and use pose, direction and real motion to show movement.
- Art Materials and Techniques: Choosing the Right Media – Artists choose materials (media) for the look they want. Every paint is pigment (coloured powder) mixed with a binder that sticks it to the surface: oil for oil paint, gum arabic for watercolour, acrylic resin for acrylic, egg for tempera. Dry media include graphite pencils (H = hard and light, B = soft and dark), charcoal, pastels and coloured pencils. Wet media include ink, watercolour, gouache, acrylic and oil. Transparent media let light and lower layers show through; opaque media cover them. The support is the surface: paper (with different weights and textures), canvas, wood panel, walls. 3D processes include modelling clay, carving, construction and casting; printmaking makes many copies from one block, plate or screen. Digital media add tablets, photo and video. Good artists test materials, refine work by experimenting, and use them safely and sustainably.
- Elements of Art and Principles of Design – The elements of art are the building blocks an artist uses: line, shape, form, colour, value, texture and space (many teachers also add the point). The principles of design are the rules for arranging those blocks: balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, rhythm and pattern, proportion and scale, and unity with variety. Knowing both helps you make art on purpose and talk about any artwork clearly.
- Dance: Elements, Choreography and Forms – Dance is movement of the body, in space and time, with energy, used to express feelings, tell stories or celebrate. Every dance can be described with four elements: Body (what moves), Space (where: levels, directions, pathways), Time (when: tempo, rhythm, pause) and Energy (how: sharp or smooth, strong or light). Choreography is the art of arranging movement using devices such as motif, repetition, canon, unison, contrast and formations. Good performers train technique, safety and expression, and good audiences describe, analyse, interpret and judge what they see. Dance forms, from classical and folk to ballet and hip-hop, grow out of their culture and history.
- Drama: Elements, Stagecraft and Performance – Drama is a story told by actors who become characters and act it out in front of an audience. Every drama has characters who want something, a conflict when those wants clash, a plot that builds tension to a climax and then resolves, dialogue, a setting and a theme. On stage, actors use voice and body, and the production adds lighting, set, costume and sound.
- Photography: Light, Exposure and Composition – A camera is a dark box that catches light. The lens bends light to make a sharp, upside-down image on a sensor (or film). Three settings control how much light makes the picture: the aperture (size of the lens opening, written as f-numbers), the shutter speed (how long light falls on the sensor) and the ISO (how sensitive the sensor is). Together they form the exposure triangle. Composition — where you place things in the frame — and the quality of light turn a correct photo into a good one. Photographers also tell stories with pictures, edit them and learn to read and critique images.
- Filmmaking Basics – Making a film happens in three phases: pre-production (idea, script, storyboard, planning), production (shooting with camera, sound and light) and post-production (editing, sound, music, colour and titles). The camera tells the story through shot size (wide, medium, close-up), angle (high, eye level, low) and movement (pan, tilt, tracking). A crew shares the work: director, producer, camera operator, sound recordist, lighting, actors and editor. Editing chooses, cuts and orders clips so the story flows. Animation, such as stop motion, makes still pictures move by showing many frames each second.
- Cultural Heritage – Cultural heritage is everything a community receives from the past, values today and wants to pass on: buildings and monuments, objects in museums, languages, music, dance, festivals, crafts, food and knowledge. Tangible heritage can be touched (immovable like temples and bridges, movable like coins and manuscripts); intangible heritage is lived and practised; natural heritage covers special landscapes and wildlife. Heritage gives identity, teaches history, brings income through tourism and links people across cultures. It is threatened by weathering, pollution, crowds, careless development, neglect and conflict, and is protected by conservation, laws, museums, heritage lists, education and local communities.