Romania Clasa a IX-a Physical Education and Sport

Chapters: 5

1. Harmonious physical development and health

Body measurements and posture · Personal exercise programmes

Physical Fitness – Physical fitness is the body's ability to do daily work, play and sport with energy to spare. It has five health-related components (heart-lung endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition) and six skill-related ones (speed, agility, power, balance, coordination, reaction time). We improve it with a planned programme using FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) and training principles like overload, progression, specificity, rest and reversibility.
Healthy Lifestyle: Daily Habits That Keep You Well – A healthy lifestyle is a set of daily habits: a balanced diet from five food groups, enough water, 9–11 hours of sleep for school-age children and about 8–10 for teenagers, at least 60 minutes of activity a day, good posture, safe food handling and avoiding tobacco, alcohol and drugs. These habits lower the risk of lifestyle (non-communicable) diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease and some cancers.

Developing motor qualities

Physical Fitness – Physical fitness is the body's ability to do daily work, play and sport with energy to spare. It has five health-related components (heart-lung endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition) and six skill-related ones (speed, agility, power, balance, coordination, reaction time). We improve it with a planned programme using FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) and training principles like overload, progression, specificity, rest and reversibility.

Athletics · Gymnastics and other individual/team sports

Athletics: Running, Jumping and Throwing – Athletics (track and field) is sport where performance is measured: races are timed, jumps and throws are measured in metres. Track events include sprints, middle and long distance, hurdles and relays. Jumps (long, triple, high, pole vault) have four phases: approach, take-off, flight and landing. Throws (shot put, discus, javelin, hammer) depend most on release speed, then on release angle and height. Clear rules on starts, lanes, lines and sectors keep it fair.
Team Sports: How Teams Attack, Defend and Play Fair – Team games are grouped as invasion games, net and wall games, and striking and fielding games. When your team has the ball you attack: spread out (width and depth), move into space and pass quickly. When the opponent has it you defend: get compact, stay goal-side, mark a player or guard a zone, and win the ball back fairly. Each player has a role, the team communicates all the time, and officials apply the rules so the game stays fair and safe.

Rules, roles and fair play

Fair Play in Sport – Fair play means playing by the rules and in the spirit of the game: respecting opponents, officials, teammates and yourself. Rules set the field, time, scoring and what is not allowed, so everyone has an equal and safe chance. A game has roles: players, a captain, referees or umpires, coaches and spectators, each with duties. Sportsmanship includes shaking hands, helping a hurt opponent and accepting decisions; cheating, deliberate fouls, doping and match-fixing break fair play and are punished with cards, bans or worse. The Olympic movement links sport with values: excellence, friendship and respect (and the Paralympic values of courage, determination, inspiration and equality). Organising a fair event means choosing a format (knockout or round-robin), making a schedule, sharing roles and planning for safety.

Inclusive and multicultural movement

Coming soon