Netherlands HAVO 5 (eindexamenjaar) Visual arts (art, drawing, crafts, textile design)
Chapters: 2
1. Art history periods (part 2)
Modernism (1900-1945) · Post-war art (1945-1990) · Art since 1990
- Modern Art and Modernism – Between about 1880 and 1945, artists stopped copying reality and asked what art itself could do. Colour and brushwork showed feeling (Post-Impressionism, Expressionism); objects were seen from many sides (Cubism); speed and machines were celebrated (Futurism); art became pure shape and colour (abstraction, De Stijl, Constructivism); chance and dreams came in (Dada, Surrealism); and design followed function (Bauhaus, the Modern Movement). The same break happened in music, theatre and dance, and modernism spread worldwide through exchange, including India.
2. CE theme: Art changes!
Theme "Art changes!": inclusive art world · Theme: art, science and technology · Theme: art in a changing context · Theme: changing idea of art
- Art and Technology: How New Inventions Change Art – New technology has changed art again and again. The printing press (about 1450) let one image be copied many times, so art reached ordinary people. Paint in metal tubes (1841) let painters work outdoors. Photography (1839) took over the job of copying reality, so painting turned to colour, feeling and new ways of seeing. Cinema (1895) added time and motion. Computers (from the 1960s, common after 1980) made digital, internet and now AI art, where copies are free and works can react to viewers. Artists also use science: perspective (geometry), colour theory (light and the prism), new materials, and today 'artistic research' where art and science investigate together. Each new tool raises questions: what is original, who is the author, and what is art for?
- Public Art: Art in the Spaces We All Share – Public art is art placed in shared spaces – squares, parks, streets, stations and walls – where anyone can see it without a ticket. It includes monuments and statues, murals, trompe-l'oeil (paintings that fool the eye with fake depth), street art and graffiti, site-specific works made for one exact place, temporary installations and urban interventions, and community or collaborative art made with local people. Public art can remember history, make a place beautiful, tell a neighbourhood's story, start a debate or push for social change. Because it is in everyone's space, it raises questions: who decides, who pays, is it legal, and does the community feel it belongs to them? Art also needs spaces: museums, galleries and new buildings designed for art, as well as streets and the internet.
- Philosophy of Art: What Is Art, and Why Does It Matter? – The philosophy of art (part of aesthetics) asks: what is art, what is beauty, is taste only personal, what makes a creator, and can art show truth? Answers have changed from "art copies nature" to "art expresses feeling" to "the idea is the art".