Feelings and views in a work
A story or poem shows feelings (what characters feel) and often a view (what the writer thinks or wants us to think). Writers often do not say these directly. We interpret: we work them out from clues. This is also called making an inference.
Three kinds of evidence
- Words: what the character says and how (tone).
- Actions: what the character does, even small habits.
- Setting: the place, weather, time, which often match the mood.
Also look at what others say about the character, and at the words the writer chooses (a "grumbled" is not a "laughed").
Count the evidence, then decide
Steps: (1) Make a few possible feelings. (2) Collect clues. (3) Score each feeling with the clues that support it. (4) Choose the best supported, and say your evidence aloud: "I think he is worried because...".
When words and actions disagree, actions and setting usually tell the truth. Two readers may differ, but both must show evidence from the text.
Try it yourself
Watch a short scene from a film with the sound off. Write what the character feels and three clues (face, movement, place). Then turn on the sound: do the words agree? In the 3D, tick one clue at a time and say aloud which feeling gets points and why.
Key formulas and definitions
- Evidence = Words + Actions + Setting
- Best reading = most evidence
- If words and actions disagree, trust actions
- Say it as: "I think ... because ..."
Worked examples
1. A girl says "I do not care" but keeps her eyes on the door waiting for the postman. How does she feel?
She cares and is hopeful or anxious. Words say no, but actions (watching the door) say yes. Actions are stronger evidence.
2. The village is dark, the rain is heavy, and the old man sits alone. What mood does the writer create?
A lonely, sad mood. The setting (dark, rain, alone) works as evidence for a gloomy view.
3. Two readers disagree: one says the boy is shy, the other says he is rude. What decides?
The evidence in the text. Does he look down and speak softly (shy) or insult others (rude)? The reading with more textual support wins.
Common mistakes
- Guessing the feeling without any evidence from the text.
- Using only the words and ignoring actions and setting.
- Bringing in your own story and not the character's.
- Giving a feeling but not saying the clue that supports it.