South 중학교 2학년 Physical Education
Chapters: 3
1. Exercise and health
Principles of fitness training · Personal fitness exercise · Principles of fitness management · Fitness testing and planning · Exercise prescription principles · Making an exercise plan · Physical health activities · Practising physical health · Mental health activities · Practising mental health · Social health · Practising social health · Will and perseverance in training · Self-directed health habits
- Physical Fitness – Physical fitness is the body's ability to do daily work, play and sport with energy to spare. It has five health-related components (heart-lung endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition) and six skill-related ones (speed, agility, power, balance, coordination, reaction time). We improve it with a planned programme using FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) and training principles like overload, progression, specificity, rest and reversibility.
- Healthy Lifestyle: Daily Habits That Keep You Well – A healthy lifestyle is a set of daily habits: a balanced diet from five food groups, enough water, 9–11 hours of sleep for school-age children and about 8–10 for teenagers, at least 60 minutes of activity a day, good posture, safe food handling and avoiding tobacco, alcohol and drugs. These habits lower the risk of lifestyle (non-communicable) diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease and some cancers.
- Mental Health: Feelings, Stress and Support – Mental health is how we think, feel, cope and get along with others. Like physical health, everyone has it and it moves up and down. Emotions are useful signals. Stress adds up like water in a bucket; healthy coping (sleep, movement, talking, calm breathing, planning) lets it drain. Self-esteem and good relationships protect us. If feelings stay very heavy for two weeks or more, or stop daily life, talk to a trusted adult or a professional — asking for help is a sign of strength.
2. Sport
Technique sports: history and features · Technique sports: skills · Technique sports: competition · Record sports: history and features · Record sports: skills · Record sports: competition · Combat sports: history and features · Combat sports: skills · Combat sports: competition · Invasion games: history and features · Invasion games: skills · Invasion games: tactics · Striking-fielding games: features · Striking-fielding games: skills · Striking-fielding games: tactics · Net games: features · Net games: skills · Net games: tactics · Everyday-environment sports: features · Everyday-environment sports: skills · Everyday-environment sports: activities · Outdoor/nature sports: features · Outdoor/nature sports: skills · Outdoor/nature sports: activities · Perseverance in sport · Respect and teamwork · Sustainable sport environment
- Types of Sports: How We Group Sports – Sports are grouped by how you win. Record sports are measured (time, distance, weight). Technique sports are scored by judges. Combat sports are one against one. Games are invasion, net/wall or striking-fielding. Outdoor and strategy sports are two more groups. Each family has its own history, rules and culture.
- Physical Education: Learn, Analyse and Improve a Skill – Physical education (PE) teaches you to move well, stay active for life and understand your own performance. Every sports skill has three phases: preparation, execution and follow-through. To improve, you observe the skill, compare it with a model, find strengths and weaknesses, get feedback and plan practice: plan → do → review → feedback. People are active for health, fitness, fun, friends, competition and well-being. Trying new and alternative sports, joining clubs, staying safe and looking after equipment help you keep moving all your life.
- Sport Tactics: Plans That Help You Win – A tactic is a plan to use your strengths and the opponent's weaknesses. It starts with SMART goals. Record sports use pacing; technique sports balance difficulty and risk; combat sports control distance and timing; games are about making and closing space. Good players read the situation, choose, and change the plan.
- Fair Play in Sport – Fair play means playing by the rules and in the spirit of the game: respecting opponents, officials, teammates and yourself. Rules set the field, time, scoring and what is not allowed, so everyone has an equal and safe chance. A game has roles: players, a captain, referees or umpires, coaches and spectators, each with duties. Sportsmanship includes shaking hands, helping a hurt opponent and accepting decisions; cheating, deliberate fouls, doping and match-fixing break fair play and are punished with cards, bans or worse. The Olympic movement links sport with values: excellence, friendship and respect (and the Paralympic values of courage, determination, inspiration and equality). Organising a fair event means choosing a format (knockout or round-robin), making a schedule, sharing roles and planning for safety.
- Sustainability – Sustainability means meeting our needs today without taking away the ability of future people to meet theirs. It rests on three pillars — environment, society and economy. A resource is used sustainably when we use it no faster than it renews. Today humanity uses about 1.7 Earths' worth of resources a year, and this use is very unequal. Stewardship, careful planning and spatial tools like GIS help us move towards sustainability.
3. Expression
Sport expression: history and features · Sport expression: aesthetic movement · Sport expression: creating a piece · Traditional dance: features · Traditional dance: movement · Traditional dance: creating · Modern dance: features · Modern dance: movement · Modern dance: creating · Creativity and sharing in dance
- Dance: Elements, Choreography and Forms – Dance is movement of the body, in space and time, with energy, used to express feelings, tell stories or celebrate. Every dance can be described with four elements: Body (what moves), Space (where: levels, directions, pathways), Time (when: tempo, rhythm, pause) and Energy (how: sharp or smooth, strong or light). Choreography is the art of arranging movement using devices such as motif, repetition, canon, unison, contrast and formations. Good performers train technique, safety and expression, and good audiences describe, analyse, interpret and judge what they see. Dance forms, from classical and folk to ballet and hip-hop, grow out of their culture and history.