South 고등학교 3학년 General Engineering
Chapters: 3
1. Foundations of engineering
What engineering is · Teamwork, ethics and economics · Problem analysis and IP · Design process
- What Is Engineering? – Engineering is using science, maths and creativity to design and build useful things that solve real problems within limits of cost, safety, time and materials. Engineers follow a design process loop: identify the problem, research, generate ideas, build a prototype, test, and improve. From ancient irrigation and roads to today's chips and vaccines, engineering shaped civilisation. Its main branches are civil, mechanical, electrical, chemical, computer and biomedical, and modern problems join many of them together (convergent or STEAM engineering).
- Data Protection and Intellectual Property Rights – Intellectual property (IP) is a creation of the mind, such as a story, song, program, invention or logo. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) give the creator control over its use. Copyright protects creative works (text, music, art, software code) automatically once created; a patent protects a new, useful invention for about 20 years and must be applied for; a trademark protects brand names, logos and slogans. Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work as your own without credit. Infringement is using protected IP without permission (copyright, patent or trademark infringement). Public licences let creators share on their own terms: Creative Commons (BY, SA, NC, ND) for creative works, and software licences such as GPL (copyleft: modified versions must stay open) and Apache (permissive: can be used in closed products with notices).
- The Design Process: From Problem to Product – The design process is a loop of steps designers use to solve a real problem for real people: investigate the need, define it in a brief and a measurable specification, generate many ideas, build a prototype, then test and evaluate it against the specification. Whatever fails sends you back round the loop. This repeating is called iteration, and it is how almost every product, app, building and artwork is improved.
2. World of engineering
ICT and automation engineering · Materials and energy engineering · Bio and construction engineering · Convergent engineering
- Materials and Their Properties – Everything we make is built from materials: wood, metals, plastics, glass, ceramics, fabrics and composites. Each has properties such as strength, stiffness, hardness, flexibility, density, heat and electrical conduction, transparency, water resistance and cost. Designers choose a material whose properties fit the job, think about how it will be shaped and joined (screws, nails, glue, welding, soldering, stitching), and consider safety, cost and the environment. Clothes are made from natural fibres (cotton, wool, silk) and synthetic fibres (polyester, nylon), each with its own feel and use.
- What Is Engineering? – Engineering is using science, maths and creativity to design and build useful things that solve real problems within limits of cost, safety, time and materials. Engineers follow a design process loop: identify the problem, research, generate ideas, build a prototype, test, and improve. From ancient irrigation and roads to today's chips and vaccines, engineering shaped civilisation. Its main branches are civil, mechanical, electrical, chemical, computer and biomedical, and modern problems join many of them together (convergent or STEAM engineering).
3. Engineering and careers
Future of engineering fields · Engineering careers
- What Is Engineering? – Engineering is using science, maths and creativity to design and build useful things that solve real problems within limits of cost, safety, time and materials. Engineers follow a design process loop: identify the problem, research, generate ideas, build a prototype, test, and improve. From ancient irrigation and roads to today's chips and vaccines, engineering shaped civilisation. Its main branches are civil, mechanical, electrical, chemical, computer and biomedical, and modern problems join many of them together (convergent or STEAM engineering).
- Career Planning: From Knowing Yourself to Your First Job – Career planning has five steps. 1) Know yourself: interests, skills and values. 2) Explore career families and find out the work, study needed, pay and demand. 3) Plan a pathway with SMART goals and a plan B. 4) Search for jobs with a CV, cover letter, digital portfolio and interview practice. 5) Make the move from school to work and keep learning, because careers change over a lifetime.