South 고등학교 2학년 Specialised Subjects: Vocational High Schools (list)
Chapters: 3
1. Business, health, culture, beauty, tourism, food
Business and Finance · Health and Welfare · Culture, Arts, Design and Broadcasting · Beauty · Tourism and Leisure · Food and Cooking
- Nature and Significance of Management – Management means getting work done with and through people so that goals are reached on time (effectiveness) and at low cost (efficiency). It has organisational, social and personal objectives. It is partly a science, fully an art and not yet a full profession. It works at three levels (top, middle, lower) through five functions (planning, organising, staffing, directing, controlling), and coordination joins them all.
- Health Care Basics: Vital Signs, Medical Terms and Care Skills – Health care is the work of keeping people well and looking after them when they are ill. Health workers use a shared medical language built from roots, prefixes and suffixes. They check four vital signs: temperature (normal about 36.5–37.5 °C), pulse (adult 60–100 beats per minute), breathing rate (adult 12–20 breaths per minute) and blood pressure (healthy below 120/80 mmHg). They use instruments such as thermometers, stethoscopes and BP cuffs, stop infection with hand hygiene and PPE, record and pass on information clearly and confidentially, and help people make healthy lifestyle choices.
- Media Production: How a Media Product Is Made – Media production is making a media product, such as a video, podcast, poster, website or magazine, for a purpose and an audience. It starts with a brief: what the client wants, for whom, by when and on what budget. Producers research their target audience (age, interests, where they spend time) and choose the platforms that reach them. Production happens in stages. Pre-production: idea, research, script, storyboard or mock-up, shot list, schedule, permissions. Production: filming, recording or photographing, using shot sizes, angles, lighting and sound with purpose. Post-production: editing, adding music, graphics and captions, and checking quality. Distribution: publishing on the right platforms, often as a cross-media campaign where products link to each other. Finally, producers evaluate using audience feedback. Good media is legal and ethical: respect copyright, get consent, avoid stereotypes and be honest.
- Tourism Geography: Resources, Types, Impacts and Planning – Tourism is travelling away from home for at least one night for leisure, business, health or visiting friends. Tourism geography asks where people go, why, and what tourism does to places. Places attract visitors with natural resources (mountains, beaches, wildlife) and cultural resources (heritage, festivals, food). People are pushed from home and pulled to destinations. Tourism can be domestic or international, and there are many types: eco, adventure, cultural, medical and marine. Resorts often follow a life cycle from exploration to stagnation and then decline or renewal. Tourism brings jobs and money but can harm nature and local culture if visitors exceed the carrying capacity, so good planning aims at sustainable tourism.
2. Engineering and manufacturing
Architecture and Civil Engineering · Mechanical Engineering · Materials · Chemical Industry · Textiles and Clothing · Electrical and Electronic
- Construction Technology: How Buildings Are Planned and Built – Construction technology is the knowledge of how to plan, build, finish and look after structures. A building has a foundation, a frame (columns and beams), walls and a roof. Every load (dead load of the building itself, live load of people and furniture, wind and snow) must travel down a clear load path to the soil. Concrete is strong in compression, steel in tension, so reinforced concrete uses both. Builders work from scale drawings (plan, elevation, section), use maths to find areas and volumes, follow building codes for safety, and fit systems for water, power and air.
- Mechanical Engineering: How Machines Are Designed and Made – Mechanical engineering is the branch of engineering that designs, makes and looks after machines: anything with moving parts that uses forces and energy, from a bicycle to a jet engine. Mechanical engineers use physics (forces, motion, energy, heat), materials science and maths. Key ideas: mechanisms change motion and force (gears, levers, cranks), energy is converted (heat to motion in engines, electricity to motion in motors), parts must be strong enough (stress, bending, safety), and parts are made by machining, fitting and assembly to exact sizes with tolerances. Mechatronics adds electronics, sensors and computer control.
- Materials and Their Properties – Everything we make is built from materials: wood, metals, plastics, glass, ceramics, fabrics and composites. Each has properties such as strength, stiffness, hardness, flexibility, density, heat and electrical conduction, transparency, water resistance and cost. Designers choose a material whose properties fit the job, think about how it will be shaped and joined (screws, nails, glue, welding, soldering, stitching), and consider safety, cost and the environment. Clothes are made from natural fibres (cotton, wool, silk) and synthetic fibres (polyester, nylon), each with its own feel and use.
- Fashion Design Basics – Fashion design is planning clothes that look good, fit well, work for their purpose and sell. Every garment travels along a chain: fibre is spun into yarn, yarn is woven or knitted into fabric, fabric is cut and sewn into a garment, and the garment is sold in a shop or online. Fibres can be natural (cotton, wool, silk, linen) or synthetic (polyester, nylon), and each gives fabric different properties. Designers use elements of design (colour, line, shape or silhouette, texture) and principles of design (balance, proportion, emphasis, rhythm, harmony). The design process goes from research and a mood board to sketches, patterns, a sample, production and selling. Merchandising and marketing match the product to a target market using the 4 Ps: product, price, place and promotion. Today designers must also think about sustainability.
- Basic Electronics: Components and Circuits – Electronics uses small components to control electric current. A battery or power supply gives energy; a switch opens or closes the path. A resistor limits current (V = IR), a capacitor stores charge and can smooth or delay a signal, a diode lets current flow only one way, an LED is a diode that gives light, and a transistor uses a small base current to switch or amplify a much bigger current. Each part has a standard circuit symbol. Circuits are planned on paper or in a simulator, tried on a breadboard, and made permanent by soldering on a circuit board, using the right materials and safety steps. Analogue circuits handle smoothly changing signals; digital circuits handle on/off signals.
3. ICT, environment, agriculture, marine, convergence
Information and Communication · Environment, Safety and Fire · Agriculture, Forestry and Livestock · Fisheries and Marine Transport · Convergence and Intellectual Property
- Computer Science: How Computers Solve Problems – Computer science (also called informatics) is the study of solving problems with computers. Every program takes input, processes it and gives output. Computers store all data as bits (0 and 1); 8 bits make a byte, and binary place values double: 1, 2, 4, 8 … 128. An algorithm is a finite list of clear steps; a program is an algorithm written in a programming language using sequence, selection and repetition. Data structures (list, stack, queue, tree, graph) organise data so programs work fast. Networks and telecommunication join computers: messages travel as packets through routers over wires, fibre and radio, following protocols. Emerging technologies like AI, IoT, cloud and robotics bring big benefits and new questions about privacy, fairness, jobs and safety.
- Agriculture Basics: How Farming Began, Changed and Feeds the World – Agriculture is growing crops and raising animals on purpose. It began about 10,000–12,000 years ago in several separate hearths, where people domesticated wild plants and animals; it then spread by diffusion. The Second Agricultural Revolution (about 1700–1900) brought better tools, crop rotation and machines, so fewer farmers fed more people. The Green Revolution (from the 1960s) used high-yield seeds, irrigation and fertiliser. Farming can be subsistence or commercial, intensive or extensive. The von Thünen model explains why land use forms rings around a market. Today agriculture is a global system facing challenges of sustainability, climate, land use, food security and fair roles for women.
- Seas and Oceans in Globalisation: Ships, Ports, Cables and Sea Law – Oceans cover about 71% of Earth and carry about 80% of world trade by volume. Container ships follow lanes between big ports and squeeze through straits and canals. Cables on the seabed carry almost all data between continents. Under the law of the sea, a coastal state controls a 12 nautical mile territorial sea and uses resources in a 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ), while ships of all states may sail the high seas. Seas also regulate climate, feed people and need protection.
- Data Protection and Intellectual Property Rights – Intellectual property (IP) is a creation of the mind, such as a story, song, program, invention or logo. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) give the creator control over its use. Copyright protects creative works (text, music, art, software code) automatically once created; a patent protects a new, useful invention for about 20 years and must be applied for; a trademark protects brand names, logos and slogans. Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work as your own without credit. Infringement is using protected IP without permission (copyright, patent or trademark infringement). Public licences let creators share on their own terms: Creative Commons (BY, SA, NC, ND) for creative works, and software licences such as GPL (copyleft: modified versions must stay open) and Apache (permissive: can be used in closed products with notices).