Japan 高校（専門学科）1〜3年 Physical Education (specialist)

1. Introduction to Sport

Cultural features and modern development of sport · Effective ways of learning sport · Designing a rich sporting life · Coaching methods, health and safety in sport · Planning and running sport

• Sport and Society – Sport sociology looks at how sport and society shape each other. Physical activity runs from free play, through physical recreation, to sport, which has fixed rules, organisation and serious competition. Modern sport grew from loose local folk games: the industrial age brought written rules, clubs and governing bodies, and since about 1950 television, money and travel have made sport global and professional. Today sport, media and sponsors are tied together in a "golden triangle". Not every group takes part equally: cost, time, facilities, discrimination and stereotypes create barriers, so governments and clubs work for equal access, especially for women, disabled people, older people and low-income families. Sport also has a dark side, deviance such as doping, violence and match-fixing, which rules, testing and the law try to control. Sport can build health, identity and togetherness, but it can also divide.
• Effective Ways of Learning Sport – You learn a sport by practising skills with feedback and rest, by understanding tactics (smart choices in a game), and by playing safely: warm up, use the right gear, and match effort to your body. Regular sport strengthens the heart, muscles and bones, and also lifts mood and focus.
• Designing a Rich Sporting Life – A rich sporting life means enjoying sport in a way that fits each stage of life. Children need play, about 60 minutes a day. Teens and adults can pick sports they love and fit them around study and work; adults need about 150 minutes a week. Older people gain from gentle sport such as walking, yoga and swimming. Society helps through parks, schools, clubs, coaches and events that are open to everyone.

2. Sport I

Ways to engage in judged (scored) sports · Ways to engage in measured sports

Coming soon

3. Sport II

Ways to engage in goal-type ball games · Ways to engage in net-type ball games · Ways to engage in base-type ball games · Ways to engage in target-type ball games

• Net-Type Games – In net-type games a net splits the court and each side tries to send the ball over the net so that it lands inside the opponent's court and cannot be returned. Volleyball is a team example; badminton, tennis and table tennis are racket examples. A rally follows a pattern: serve, receive, set and attack. Players cover the court by standing in good positions and communicating.
• Base-Type Games (Bat-and-Ball Games) – In base-type games a batter hits a ball into the field and runs round bases while the fielding team tries to get the ball to a base before the runner arrives. Baseball, softball and rounders are classic examples; cricket shares the same bat-and-ball idea. Winning needs three skills: batting the ball into a gap, running the bases smartly, and fielding with quick throws and team coordination.
• Target-Type Games – In target-type games you send an object (ball, stone, arrow) towards a target and score by how close it stops. You do not touch the opponent. Skill comes from aim, power and direction. You can take part as a player, a strategist, a scorer, a referee, a coach or a fan.

4. Sport III

Ways to engage in martial arts · Ways to engage in combat sports of other countries

• Traditional Games and Martial Arts – Traditional games are played with simple objects and rules passed down through families and communities, like tops, marbles, tag games, tug of war, kabaddi and kho-kho. They keep culture alive and build fitness and fair play. Martial arts and combat sports (judo, taekwondo, karate, wrestling, kalaripayattu, boxing) teach self-control, respect and technique. Every combat sport rests on the same basics: a bow of respect, a stable stance (centre of gravity over a wide base), safe falling (break-falls), clear rules and safety gear.

5. Sport IV

Ways to engage in creative dance · Ways to engage in traditional dance

• Creative, Folk and Rhythm Dance: Make a Group Dance – Three kinds of dance meet in a group dance. Creative dance turns a theme (like a wave) into movement. Folk dance uses simple patterns, such as a circle, that people share. Modern rhythm dance moves to a steady beat counted in eights. To make a group dance, pick a theme, choose a pattern, count the beat and join the parts in order.
• Folk Dance: Dances of the People, Around Japan and the World – A folk dance is a dance made by ordinary people and passed on from one generation to the next. It is usually danced together, to a steady beat, in simple patterns such as a circle, two lines or pairs. Many moves copy daily work. Japanese folk dances (min'yo) include bon odori and soran bushi. Around the world there are circle dances, line dances, partner mixers and stick dances such as dandiya.

6. Sport V

Ways to engage in nature-experience outdoor activities · Ways to engage in competitive outdoor sports

• Outdoor Activities: Orienteering, Climbing and Staying Safe – Outdoor and adventurous activities, like orienteering, hiking, climbing and water sports, ask you to move in changing natural places. You need skills (reading a map, using a compass, climbing technique), good decisions (route choice, knowing your limits) and safety habits (planning, equipment, teamwork). You also protect nature by leaving no trace.

7. Sport VI

Ways to engage in fitness exercise · Exercise to deepen body awareness and interaction · Planning exercise by life stage and lifestyle

• Physical Fitness – Physical fitness is the body's ability to do daily work, play and sport with energy to spare. It has five health-related components (heart-lung endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition) and six skill-related ones (speed, agility, power, balance, coordination, reaction time). We improve it with a planned programme using FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) and training principles like overload, progression, specificity, rest and reversibility.
• Body-Relaxation Exercises – Body-relaxation exercises are easy movements and slow breathing that let tight muscles soften and the mind settle. First notice where you hold tension (shoulders, jaw, fists), then release it: shrug and drop, stretch, belly breathing (4 counts in, 6 out). You can also do gentle partner games, such as mirroring, to feel safe and connected.
• Designing a Rich Sporting Life – A rich sporting life means enjoying sport in a way that fits each stage of life. Children need play, about 60 minutes a day. Teens and adults can pick sports they love and fit them around study and work; adults need about 150 minutes a week. Older people gain from gentle sport such as walking, yoga and swimming. Society helps through parks, schools, clubs, coaches and events that are open to everyone.

8. Comprehensive Sport Seminar

Research on sport theory and practice · Research on coaching and running sport · Research on social participation through sport

Coming soon