Japan 高校（専門学科）1〜3年 Nursing

1. Fundamental Nursing

Essence of nursing · Common nursing skills · Assisting daily living · Assisting medical treatment

• The Essence of Nursing – Nursing is caring for people of every age, in health and in illness, so they can live as well as possible. A nurse cares, watches, teaches and speaks up for the patient. Nurses work in a team with doctors, pharmacists, dietitians, therapists and families, and follow ethics: respect, privacy, honesty and safety.
• Common Nursing Skills – Every nurse uses five core skills: clear communication, infection prevention (hand washing, clean equipment), safety management (rails, ID checks, call bell), physical assessment (temperature, pulse, breathing, blood pressure) and the nursing process: assess, diagnose, plan, do, evaluate, repeated in a loop.
• Assisting Daily Living – Daily living means the everyday needs that keep us well: a comfortable place, food and water, using the toilet, moving, sleep, cleanliness and clean clothes. A nurse checks each need, helps only as much as needed, protects privacy and keeps the patient as independent as possible.

2. Structure and Function of the Human Body

Anatomy and physiology · Nutrition

• Nutrition – Nutrition is how we get and use the substances in food. The body needs six groups of nutrients: carbohydrates and fats (mainly energy), proteins (growth and repair), vitamins and minerals (small amounts to keep the body working), and water, plus fibre for healthy digestion. Carbohydrate and protein give about 17 kJ per gram, fat about 37 kJ per gram. A balanced diet gives all nutrients in the right amounts, and energy in should roughly equal energy out.

3. Disease Processes and Recovery

Causes of disease and recovery · Basic causes of disease · Diagnosis and treatment · Disorders of each function · Disease and medicines

• Causes of Disease and How the Body Recovers – A disease is a change that stops the body from working well. Its causes can come from outside (germs, injury, poison, heat, cold, radiation) or from inside (genes, age, a weak immune system, lifestyle). Prevention stops disease before it starts, and early detection finds it when it is still small and easy to treat. When damage happens, the body repairs itself: it removes the harmful thing, fights it, rebuilds the damaged part and rests. Some tissues grow back fully, and others heal with a scar.

4. Health Support and Social Security

Public health · Social security system

• Public Health – Public health is the work of keeping whole communities healthy: preventing disease, promoting healthy living and making sure everyone can get care. Infectious diseases spread through air, water, food, touch and insects; hygiene, clean water, sanitation and vaccination break the chain. When enough people are immune, herd immunity protects the rest. Health systems work in levels (primary, secondary, tertiary) and use surveillance data to spot outbreaks early.
• Social Security System – Social security is a shared safety net. Everyone pays into a common fund through taxes and contributions, and the fund helps people when they fall ill, grow old, lose work or have a disability. It stands on three pillars: health (stopping illness early), medical care (paying for treatment) and welfare (support for daily life).

5. Adult Nursing

Adult health and nursing · Nursing by health level and disability · Nursing patients with functional disorders

Coming soon

6. Gerontological Nursing

Features of older people and nursing · Nursing that supports older people's lives · Nursing older people receiving treatment · Common health problems of older people and nursing

• Nursing That Supports Older People's Daily Life – Older people need help in eight everyday areas: assessment, communication, meals and nutrition, excretion, cleanliness, walking and moving, sleep, and activity with purpose. Good nursing keeps what the person can still do, adds safe help only where needed, and treats every older person with respect.

7. Paediatric Nursing

Child health and nursing · Health issues at each stage of childhood and nursing · Nursing children receiving treatment

• Nursing Children Receiving Treatment – A sick child is not a small adult. During treatment the nurse explains in simple words, uses play, keeps the child safe and keeps parents close. Care changes with the phase of illness: fast and watchful in the acute phase, teaching and routine in the chronic phase, and comfort and family support in the terminal phase.

8. Maternity Nursing

Maternal health and nursing · Women's health issues across the life cycle and nursing · Perinatal nursing

Coming soon

9. Psychiatric Nursing

Mental health and nursing · History of mental health, medical care and welfare · Nursing by state of mental disorder · Main mental disorders and nursing

• History of Mental Health Care, Rights and Welfare – For a very long time people feared mental illness and hid or locked away those who had it. From the late 1700s reformers asked for kind, gentle care. In the 1950s medicines made calmer treatment possible, and care slowly moved from big hospitals to the community. Later, people with mental illness and their families began to speak up for their rights: to consent, privacy, respect and a life in society. Laws followed. They changed from mainly locking people up to giving care, rights and welfare support together.
• Abnormality and Classification of Psychological Disorders – Behaviour is called abnormal when it shows the 4 Ds: deviance (very unusual), distress (it hurts the person), dysfunction (daily life breaks down) and sometimes danger. Long ago people blamed spirits; the Greeks blamed the body; later reformers brought kind care; today we use the biopsychosocial view. Experts classify disorders with two manuals: DSM-5-TR (American Psychiatric Association) and ICD-11 (World Health Organization). Disorders come from biological, psychological and sociocultural factors together. The diathesis-stress model says an inborn weakness plus enough stress can trigger a disorder.

10. Home Nursing

Features of home nursing · Systems supporting home care · Supporting home-care patients and families

Coming soon

11. Integration and Practice of Nursing

Management in nursing · Disaster nursing · International nursing

• Management in Nursing – Nursing management means running care so that it is safe, good and fair. Nurses improve quality with the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle, prevent harm by checking and reporting, sort many tasks by priority, work as a team with other professionals, and follow laws and hospital policy.
• Disaster Nursing – Disaster nursing is nursing care for many people hurt at once, when staff and supplies are short. Nurses use triage to treat first those who need it most, and change their work across phases: preparing, acute, sub-acute and recovery. They also protect health, hygiene and mental well-being.

12. Nursing Clinical Practice

Fundamental nursing clinical practice · Clinical practice by nursing field · Integrated nursing clinical practice

Coming soon

13. Nursing Informatics

Ethics and responsibility in the information society · Use and management of information in nursing · Problem solving in nursing

• Information Ethics and Security – Information ethics is doing the right thing with information: respect privacy, tell the truth, give credit and do no harm. Information security is keeping information safe from people who should not see or change it, using passwords, locks (encryption), updates, backups and clear rules. Both start with one habit: think before you share.
• Information Management – Information management means collecting, naming, organising, storing, finding and protecting information so it stays useful. Good documentation (clear names, dates, types), sorted folders or databases on a computer, and protection by passwords, locks and backups make information easy to find and safe from loss.