Italy Secondaria di secondo grado – classe 1ª Technical institutes – new ordinamento (DM 29/2026)

1. General education area (all indirizzi)

General subjects

Coming soon

2. Economic sector

Amministrazione, finanza e marketing · Turismo, beni culturali e ambientali

• Business, Profession and Employment – Human activities are economic (done to earn money) or non-economic (done out of love, duty or faith). Economic activities come in three forms: business (earn profit by making or selling goods and services), profession (earn a fee for expert service) and employment (earn a salary by working for someone). Business has many objectives, and profit is needed to survive and grow.
• Hospitality and Tourism: Welcoming, Feeding and Looking After Guests – Tourism is people travelling away from home for leisure, business, study or family. Hospitality is the welcome and care they receive: a place to stay, food and drink, and services. The industry has five main sectors: accommodation, food and beverage, transport, attractions, and events and travel services. Workers need culinary knowledge (nutrition, food safety, kitchen tools and layout) and the skills to plan, deliver, manage and review an event.

3. Technological-environmental sector

Agraria, agroalimentare e agroindustria · Chimica, materiali e biotecnologie · Costruzioni, ambiente e territorio · Elettronica ed elettrotecnica · Grafica e comunicazione · Informatica e telecomunicazioni · Meccanica, meccatronica ed energia · Sistema moda · Trasporti e logistica

• Agriculture and the Environment: Agroecosystems, Green Revolution and Sustainability – A farm is an agroecosystem: a simplified ecosystem where people grow few species and add energy and materials (fertiliser, water, fuel, pesticides) to raise yields. Better crop and livestock genetics and the Green Revolution package (HYV seeds, irrigation, fertilisers, pesticides, machines) multiplied food output. But intensive farming can cause eutrophication, salinisation, soil erosion and degradation, pesticide resistance, biodiversity loss and greenhouse gases. Social and economic forces shape farming choices. Sustainable methods (rotation, IPM, conservation tillage, efficient irrigation, agroforestry) aim to keep yields high while protecting land and water.
• Applied Chemistry: How Chemists Test and Use Materials – Applied chemistry uses chemistry to solve real jobs: finding out what is in a sample, checking quality, making useful materials, and cleaning or treating things with living cells. Chemists take a small fair sample, measure it exactly (titration, chromatography), and then use the answer to decide if a product is safe or good.
• Civil Engineering: How Buildings Stand Up and Keep the Weather Out – Civil engineers design and build structures such as houses, bridges, roads and dams. A building has a frame (columns, beams, slabs, bracing) that carries loads down to the foundation and soil, and an envelope (walls, curtain walls, roof) that protects people inside. Engineers choose materials (wood, steel, concrete), check forces and plan for the site and the environment.
• Basic Electronics: Components and Circuits – Electronics uses small components to control electric current. A battery or power supply gives energy; a switch opens or closes the path. A resistor limits current (V = IR), a capacitor stores charge and can smooth or delay a signal, a diode lets current flow only one way, an LED is a diode that gives light, and a transistor uses a small base current to switch or amplify a much bigger current. Each part has a standard circuit symbol. Circuits are planned on paper or in a simulator, tried on a breadboard, and made permanent by soldering on a circuit board, using the right materials and safety steps. Analogue circuits handle smoothly changing signals; digital circuits handle on/off signals.
• Graphic Design – Graphic design is planning pictures, words and shapes so that a message is clear, useful and attractive. Designers use elements (line, shape, colour, type, image, space) and principles (alignment and grid, hierarchy, contrast, proximity, repetition, balance and white space). They follow a process: brief, research, ideas, sketches, digital drafts, feedback and final artwork. Graphic design is used in posters, logos, book covers, packaging, signs, websites and apps.
• Computer Science: How Computers Solve Problems – Computer science (also called informatics) is the study of solving problems with computers. Every program takes input, processes it and gives output. Computers store all data as bits (0 and 1); 8 bits make a byte, and binary place values double: 1, 2, 4, 8 … 128. An algorithm is a finite list of clear steps; a program is an algorithm written in a programming language using sequence, selection and repetition. Data structures (list, stack, queue, tree, graph) organise data so programs work fast. Networks and telecommunication join computers: messages travel as packets through routers over wires, fibre and radio, following protocols. Emerging technologies like AI, IoT, cloud and robotics bring big benefits and new questions about privacy, fairness, jobs and safety.
• Mechanical Engineering: How Machines Are Designed and Made – Mechanical engineering is the branch of engineering that designs, makes and looks after machines: anything with moving parts that uses forces and energy, from a bicycle to a jet engine. Mechanical engineers use physics (forces, motion, energy, heat), materials science and maths. Key ideas: mechanisms change motion and force (gears, levers, cranks), energy is converted (heat to motion in engines, electricity to motion in motors), parts must be strong enough (stress, bending, safety), and parts are made by machining, fitting and assembly to exact sizes with tolerances. Mechatronics adds electronics, sensors and computer control.
• Fashion Design Basics – Fashion design is planning clothes that look good, fit well, work for their purpose and sell. Every garment travels along a chain: fibre is spun into yarn, yarn is woven or knitted into fabric, fabric is cut and sewn into a garment, and the garment is sold in a shop or online. Fibres can be natural (cotton, wool, silk, linen) or synthetic (polyester, nylon), and each gives fabric different properties. Designers use elements of design (colour, line, shape or silhouette, texture) and principles of design (balance, proportion, emphasis, rhythm, harmony). The design process goes from research and a mood board to sketches, patterns, a sample, production and selling. Merchandising and marketing match the product to a target market using the 4 Ps: product, price, place and promotion. Today designers must also think about sustainability.
• Transport and Logistics – Transport moves people and goods by road, rail, water, air and pipeline. Each mode needs infrastructure: roads, railways, ports and airports, joined into a network. Logistics plans the whole journey of goods, from factory to warehouse to shop to home, at the lowest cost and on time. Choosing a mode is a trade-off between speed, cost, load and distance.

4. First-year common technology subjects

Base area of indirizzo

Coming soon