Ontario Grade 12 PSK4U Introductory Kinesiology (Grade 12, University Preparation)
Chapters: 3
1. A. Physical Activity and Sport in Society
A1 Social Change and Current Issues · A2 Participation – Influences and Benefits
- Physical Fitness – Physical fitness is the body's ability to do daily work, play and sport with energy to spare. It has five health-related components (heart-lung endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition) and six skill-related ones (speed, agility, power, balance, coordination, reaction time). We improve it with a planned programme using FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) and training principles like overload, progression, specificity, rest and reversibility.
2. B. The Basis of Movement
B1 Anatomy and Physiology · B2 Human Performance
- Human Body Systems – Your body is organised in levels: cells make tissues, tissues make organs, organs make organ systems, and all systems together make you, the organism. Each system has a main job: skeletal (frame), muscular (movement), circulatory (transport), respiratory (gas exchange), digestive (food), excretory (waste), nervous and endocrine (control), immune (defence), integumentary (skin, hair, nails) and reproductive. No system works alone: during exercise the muscles, heart, lungs and nerves all change together to keep the inside of the body steady (homeostasis).
- Human Performance: How Training, Body, Food and Aids Shape What We Can Do – Kinesiology is the study of human movement. Performance improves when training follows principles: progressive overload, specificity, individual differences, reversibility, variety and recovery (planned with FITT). It is shaped by intrinsic factors (genes, age, sex, body type, fibre type, motivation) and extrinsic factors (coaching, climate, altitude, equipment, sleep, money). Good nutrition (carbohydrate, protein, fat, water) fuels activity. Ergogenic aids try to boost performance: some are allowed, others are banned for fairness and health.
3. C. Biomechanics and Motor Development
C1 The Mechanics of Movement · C2 Growth and Motor Development
- Human Body Systems – Your body is organised in levels: cells make tissues, tissues make organs, organs make organ systems, and all systems together make you, the organism. Each system has a main job: skeletal (frame), muscular (movement), circulatory (transport), respiratory (gas exchange), digestive (food), excretory (waste), nervous and endocrine (control), immune (defence), integumentary (skin, hair, nails) and reproductive. No system works alone: during exercise the muscles, heart, lungs and nerves all change together to keep the inside of the body steady (homeostasis).
- Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor, Motor and Induction – A wire carrying current inside a magnetic field feels a push. The push is biggest when the wire is at 90° to the field and zero when it is parallel. Fleming's left-hand rule gives its direction. A motor uses this push to spin a coil; a generator does the reverse and makes current by moving a coil or magnet.