Ontario Grade 12 CHY4U World History since the Fifteenth Century (Grade 12, University Preparation)
Chapters: 5
1. A. Historical Inquiry and Skill Development
A1 Historical Inquiry · A2 Developing Transferable Skills
- The Scientific Method – The scientific method is the careful way scientists find out how the world works. Observe something, ask a testable question, make a hypothesis (a clear, testable guess), test it with a fair experiment (change one variable, measure one, keep the rest the same), repeat and record data, analyse it, draw a conclusion and share it so others can check. Results that fail the test are useful too: they send you back to a new hypothesis.
- Career Planning: From Knowing Yourself to Your First Job – Career planning has five steps. 1) Know yourself: interests, skills and values. 2) Explore career families and find out the work, study needed, pay and demand. 3) Plan a pathway with SMART goals and a plan B. 4) Search for jobs with a CV, cover letter, digital portfolio and interview practice. 5) Make the move from school to work and keep learning, because careers change over a lifetime.
2. B. The World, 1450–1650
B1 Social, Economic, and Political Context · B2 Communities, Conflict, and Cooperation · B3 Identity, Citizenship, and Heritage
- Civics and Government: How Citizens and Governments Work Together – Civics is the study of how people govern themselves and how citizens take part. In a democracy, power comes from the people, who choose representatives in free elections. Government has three branches: the legislature makes laws, the executive carries them out and the judiciary checks they follow the constitution. Most countries also have levels of government (local, state or provincial, national), each with its own jobs. A law starts as an idea, becomes a bill, is debated and voted on, and gets final approval. Citizens have rights, such as free speech and voting, and responsibilities, such as obeying laws and respecting others. Active citizens stay informed, vote, volunteer and work peacefully for change.
- World History Since 1450: How Societies Met, Fought and Changed – After 1450 better ships, the compass and printing, plus the hunt for spices, silver and new trade routes, brought societies into close contact. Contact gave exchange of crops, animals and ideas, but also disease, conquest and the cruel Atlantic slave trade. Gunpowder empires and religious splits led to new wars. From 1776 revolutions in America, France, Haiti and Latin America spread ideas of rights and self-rule, and revolts like India's in 1857 challenged colonial rule. In the 1800s reform movements fought slavery, child labour and unfair laws, and women began to win schooling, property rights and the vote.
3. C. The World, 1650–1789
C1 Social, Economic, and Political Context · C2 Communities, Conflict, and Cooperation · C3 Identity, Citizenship, and Heritage
- Civics and Government: How Citizens and Governments Work Together – Civics is the study of how people govern themselves and how citizens take part. In a democracy, power comes from the people, who choose representatives in free elections. Government has three branches: the legislature makes laws, the executive carries them out and the judiciary checks they follow the constitution. Most countries also have levels of government (local, state or provincial, national), each with its own jobs. A law starts as an idea, becomes a bill, is debated and voted on, and gets final approval. Citizens have rights, such as free speech and voting, and responsibilities, such as obeying laws and respecting others. Active citizens stay informed, vote, volunteer and work peacefully for change.
- World History Since 1450: How Societies Met, Fought and Changed – After 1450 better ships, the compass and printing, plus the hunt for spices, silver and new trade routes, brought societies into close contact. Contact gave exchange of crops, animals and ideas, but also disease, conquest and the cruel Atlantic slave trade. Gunpowder empires and religious splits led to new wars. From 1776 revolutions in America, France, Haiti and Latin America spread ideas of rights and self-rule, and revolts like India's in 1857 challenged colonial rule. In the 1800s reform movements fought slavery, child labour and unfair laws, and women began to win schooling, property rights and the vote.
4. D. The World, 1789–1900
D1 Social, Economic, and Political Context · D2 Communities, Conflict, and Cooperation · D3 Identity, Citizenship, and Heritage
- Civics and Government: How Citizens and Governments Work Together – Civics is the study of how people govern themselves and how citizens take part. In a democracy, power comes from the people, who choose representatives in free elections. Government has three branches: the legislature makes laws, the executive carries them out and the judiciary checks they follow the constitution. Most countries also have levels of government (local, state or provincial, national), each with its own jobs. A law starts as an idea, becomes a bill, is debated and voted on, and gets final approval. Citizens have rights, such as free speech and voting, and responsibilities, such as obeying laws and respecting others. Active citizens stay informed, vote, volunteer and work peacefully for change.
- World History Since 1450: How Societies Met, Fought and Changed – After 1450 better ships, the compass and printing, plus the hunt for spices, silver and new trade routes, brought societies into close contact. Contact gave exchange of crops, animals and ideas, but also disease, conquest and the cruel Atlantic slave trade. Gunpowder empires and religious splits led to new wars. From 1776 revolutions in America, France, Haiti and Latin America spread ideas of rights and self-rule, and revolts like India's in 1857 challenged colonial rule. In the 1800s reform movements fought slavery, child labour and unfair laws, and women began to win schooling, property rights and the vote.
5. E. The World Since 1900
E1 Social, Economic, and Political Context · E2 Communities, Conflict, and Cooperation · E3 Identity, Citizenship, and Heritage
- Civics and Government: How Citizens and Governments Work Together – Civics is the study of how people govern themselves and how citizens take part. In a democracy, power comes from the people, who choose representatives in free elections. Government has three branches: the legislature makes laws, the executive carries them out and the judiciary checks they follow the constitution. Most countries also have levels of government (local, state or provincial, national), each with its own jobs. A law starts as an idea, becomes a bill, is debated and voted on, and gets final approval. Citizens have rights, such as free speech and voting, and responsibilities, such as obeying laws and respecting others. Active citizens stay informed, vote, volunteer and work peacefully for change.