Ukraine 11 клас World Literature

Chapters: 9

1. Literature, morality, humanity

Literature and values

Coming soon

J. W. Goethe

Drama: Elements, Stagecraft and Performance – Drama is a story told by actors who become characters and act it out in front of an audience. Every drama has characters who want something, a conflict when those wants clash, a plot that builds tension to a climax and then resolves, dialogue, a setting and a theme. On stage, actors use voice and body, and the production adds lighting, set, costume and sound.

Modernist prose

Existentialism: You Are What You Choose – Existentialism is a 19th–20th century way of thinking about human life. Its main idea: for a person, existence comes before essence. A tool is designed for a purpose first; a human is born first and then makes a self through choices. So we are free, and with freedom comes anxiety and full responsibility. Jaspers showed that limit situations (death, suffering, struggle, guilt) wake us up to ask what matters. Hiding behind the crowd or fate is bad faith; owning one's choices is authenticity. Key thinkers: Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Jaspers, Sartre, de Beauvoir, Camus; in Spanish thought Unamuno and Ortega y Gasset.

Lyric poets

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G. Orwell

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Writers on war

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Post-war prose

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Absurd and postmodern

Postmodernism in Literature – Postmodernism is a style and attitude in art and writing from the second half of the 20th century. It doubts big, neat stories and single truths. Typical features: broken or jumbled plots, irony and play, texts that refer to other texts (intertextuality) or to themselves, mixing of serious and popular culture, many narrators, and the absurd. The reader helps to build the meaning.

Modern authors (choice)

Coming soon