Ukraine 10 клас Defence of Ukraine

1. Introduction and national security

National security of Ukraine

• National Security: How a Country Keeps Its People Safe – National security means protecting a country's people, land, independence, democracy and economy from serious harm. Threats can be military (armed attack) or non-military (terrorism, cyber attacks, disasters, epidemics). A security system has three parts: armed forces, non-military services, and leaders who decide. Crises are handled in a cycle: prevent, prepare, respond, recover. Prepared citizens make the whole country stronger.

2. Armed Forces of Ukraine

Legal basis and history · International humanitarian law · Military regulations

• Military History of Ukraine: How the Army Changed Over Time – The story of Ukraine's armed forces runs through five eras: the druzhyna and people's levy of Kyivan Rus, the Cossack Host with its elected hetmans, the national army of 1917 to 1921, the founding of the modern Armed Forces in 1991, and the period since the 1996 Constitution, when defence became a clear duty of the state and the army was reformed after 2014. Each era shows how a society organises defence: who serves, who leads and by what rules.
• International Humanitarian Law: The Rules of War – International humanitarian law (IHL), also called the law of armed conflict, is the set of rules that limit the harm of war. It protects people who do not fight (civilians, the wounded and sick, prisoners, medical and aid workers) and limits the ways and tools of fighting. Its core rules are distinction (attack only military targets), proportionality (civilian harm must not be excessive), precaution, humanity and necessity. The four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols are its main treaties. Special emblems such as the red cross, red crescent and red crystal show who and what must be spared. IHL applies to all sides, whoever started the war. Human rights law also keeps working in war. Serious breaches are war crimes.
• Military Service Basics: Regulations, Drill, Safety and Teamwork – Armed forces work through written regulations, a clear chain of command and discipline. Soldiers follow a daily routine, share guard duty, and learn drill so a group moves as one. Weapon training starts with four safety rules and simple ballistics: gravity curves a bullet's path and it travels far beyond the target. Small teams give each member a role and use cover, concealment and camouflage.

3. Drill and applied physical training

Drill and fitness

• Physical Fitness – Physical fitness is the body's ability to do daily work, play and sport with energy to spare. It has five health-related components (heart-lung endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition) and six skill-related ones (speed, agility, power, balance, coordination, reaction time). We improve it with a planned programme using FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) and training principles like overload, progression, specificity, rest and reversibility.

4. Basic weapons training (overview)

Small arms: safe handling (overview)

• Military Service Basics: Regulations, Drill, Safety and Teamwork – Armed forces work through written regulations, a clear chain of command and discipline. Soldiers follow a daily routine, share guard duty, and learn drill so a group moves as one. Weapon training starts with four safety rules and simple ballistics: gravity curves a bullet's path and it travels far beyond the target. Small teams give each member a role and use cover, concealment and camouflage.

5. Basic tactical training (overview)

Tactics and topography (overview)

Coming soon

6. Civil protection

Emergencies and protection of the population

• Civil Protection: Warning, Shelter, Evacuation and Rescue – Civil protection is everything a country and its people do to keep people safe in emergencies, in peace and in war: warning, shelters, evacuation, rescue, first aid and recovery. You should know your local alarm signals and emergency number (112 in many countries), the nearest shelter and the evacuation route, how to read a hazard plate, how to protect breathing, food and water from chemicals or radiation, and the golden rule for unknown objects: do not touch, move away, mark, report.

7. First aid

Basic life support and bleeding control

• First Aid: What to Do in an Emergency – First aid is the help you give an injured or ill person until trained help arrives. Its aims: preserve life, stop things getting worse, help recovery. Follow DRABC: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, CPR/Call. Breathing but unresponsive → recovery position. Not breathing normally → CPR 30:2 at 100-120 pushes a minute, 5-6 cm deep, and an AED. Bleeding → direct pressure. Burns → cool running water 20 minutes. Choking → back blows and abdominal thrusts. Sprains → RICE.

8. Alternative thematic plan №2: medical basics

Medical knowledge and first aid · Civil protection (plan 2)

• First Aid: What to Do in an Emergency – First aid is the help you give an injured or ill person until trained help arrives. Its aims: preserve life, stop things getting worse, help recovery. Follow DRABC: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, CPR/Call. Breathing but unresponsive → recovery position. Not breathing normally → CPR 30:2 at 100-120 pushes a minute, 5-6 cm deep, and an AED. Bleeding → direct pressure. Burns → cool running water 20 minutes. Choking → back blows and abdominal thrusts. Sprains → RICE.
• Civil Protection: Warning, Shelter, Evacuation and Rescue – Civil protection is everything a country and its people do to keep people safe in emergencies, in peace and in war: warning, shelters, evacuation, rescue, first aid and recovery. You should know your local alarm signals and emergency number (112 in many countries), the nearest shelter and the evacuation route, how to read a hazard plate, how to protect breathing, food and water from chemicals or radiation, and the golden rule for unknown objects: do not touch, move away, mark, report.