Spain 1º Bachillerato Latin I

1. The Text: Comprehension and Translation

Latin alphabet and pronunciation · Word classes and cases · Latin as an inflected language · Sentence syntax of the cases · Sentence structures and agreement · Non-finite verb forms · Morphosyntactic analysis for translation · Translation strategies · Translation tools · Comparing different translations · Common stylistic devices · Translating short texts into Latin · Translation as mental training · Accepting mistakes when learning · Self- and peer-assessment

Coming soon

2. Plurilingualism

Writing systems through history · Evolution of Latin · Latin influence on other languages · Sound change rules from Latin · Vocabulary of Latin origin · Interest in word origins · Latin as a gateway to other languages · Respect for all languages · International projects with Latin learners · Metalanguage for reflecting on language

Coming soon

3. Literary education

Latin as carrier of the classical world · Transmission of Latin literature · Genres of Latin literature · Commenting on Latin literary texts · Reception of Latin literature · Latin genres versus modern literature · Introduction to literary criticism · Literature as pleasure and knowledge · Intellectual property and plagiarism

Coming soon

4. Ancient Rome

Geography of Roman expansion · Topography of ancient Rome · History of ancient Rome · Roman political and social organisation · Institutions, beliefs and daily life · Greek influence on Rome · Rome's contribution to Western culture · Rome and foreign cultures · The Mediterranean as a cultural crossroads

• The Roman Republic: How Rome Ruled Itself Without a King – From 509 to 27 BCE Rome was a republic. Power was shared: two consuls elected for one year, a Senate of experienced former officials, and assemblies of citizens who voted on laws and elected officials. Tribunes protected ordinary people (plebeians). Politicians climbed a fixed ladder of offices. Wars brought wealth and huge armies, and powerful generals such as Sulla and Caesar broke the rules. After civil wars, Augustus became sole ruler in 27 BCE and the Republic ended.

5. Legacy and Heritage

Legacy, inheritance and heritage · Textual transmission and writing media · Classical mythology in the arts · Romanisation of Hispania · Roman public works and urban planning · Roman law · Roman political institutions · Public speech in Roman life · Debate and oral presentation · Major artworks of ancient Rome · Classical sites, museums and festivals

• Cultural Heritage – Cultural heritage is everything a community receives from the past, values today and wants to pass on: buildings and monuments, objects in museums, languages, music, dance, festivals, crafts, food and knowledge. Tangible heritage can be touched (immovable like temples and bridges, movable like coins and manuscripts); intangible heritage is lived and practised; natural heritage covers special landscapes and wildlife. Heritage gives identity, teaches history, brings income through tourism and links people across cultures. It is threatened by weathering, pollution, crowds, careless development, neglect and conflict, and is protected by conservation, laws, museums, heritage lists, education and local communities.
• Mythology: Gods, Heroes and Stories That Still Shape Us – Myths are very old traditional stories about gods, heroes and how the world began. Greek and Roman myths show powerful but flawed gods, heroes tested on long journeys, hard questions about justice, and magical changes of shape. Similar story patterns appear in cultures across the world, and classical myths still live on in our words, art, science names and films.
• What Is Law? The Basics – Law is a set of general, binding rules made or recognised by the state and enforced by courts. It overlaps with morality but is not the same. Its sources are the constitution, treaties, statutes, regulations, case law and custom, arranged in a hierarchy. Natural persons and legal persons (like companies) hold rights and duties. Everyday law includes contracts, consumer protection and access to courts.
• The Roman Republic: How Rome Ruled Itself Without a King – From 509 to 27 BCE Rome was a republic. Power was shared: two consuls elected for one year, a Senate of experienced former officials, and assemblies of citizens who voted on laws and elected officials. Tribunes protected ordinary people (plebeians). Politicians climbed a fixed ladder of offices. Wars brought wealth and huge armies, and powerful generals such as Sulla and Caesar broke the rules. After civil wars, Augustus became sole ruler in 27 BCE and the Republic ended.
• Debate Skills: How to Argue Clearly, Fairly and Well – A debate is a timed, rule-based contest of ideas on a motion. One side argues for it, the other against it, and a chair keeps order. A good argument has a claim, a reason, evidence and a link to the motion. Research makes evidence strong: reliable, recent and relevant. Rebuttal answers the other side's weakest points; cross-examination uses short questions to expose them. Good debaters attack arguments, not people, and listen as carefully as they speak.
• Art History: From Cave Walls to Today – People have made art for at least 40,000 years. Prehistoric art shows animals and hands on cave walls. Ancient civilisations made art for rulers, gods and the afterlife. Classical traditions arose in Greece and Rome, India, China, Africa and the Americas. The Renaissance brought perspective and realism; modern art (from about 1860) broke those rules; contemporary art uses any material. To appreciate any artwork, describe it, analyse its elements, interpret its meaning in its context, and judge why it works.