Russia 11 класс History (basic)

1. General history 1945 – early 21st century

Post-war world and Cold War · USA and Western Europe · Central and Eastern Europe · Asia · Middle East and Africa · Latin America · International relations · Science and culture

• The Cold War (1945–1991) – The Cold War was a long contest (1945–1991) between two superpowers: the USA with its Western allies (capitalism, multi-party elections) and the USSR with its Eastern allies (communism, one-party rule). They never fought each other directly. Instead they formed rival alliances (NATO, Warsaw Pact), raced to build nuclear weapons and reach space, backed opposite sides in proxy wars (Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan) and came close to nuclear war in Cuba in 1962. Many new nations, led by India and others, stayed non-aligned. Détente eased tension in the 1970s. Reforms in the USSR, the fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) and the break-up of the USSR (1991) ended it.
• International Relations in History: Wars, Alliances and Peace – International relations is the story of how states deal with each other. The Thirty Years' War (1618 to 1648) ended with the Peace of Westphalia, which made each state the ruler of its own land. In the 1700s great powers fought colonial wars and divided weak neighbours. Before 1914 two alliance camps turned one quarrel into a world war. In the 1930s giving in to aggression (appeasement) failed. After 1945 two blocs, new institutions such as the UN, and the end of empires shaped the world, and new powers and global problems define it today.
• Globalisation and Global Governance – Globalisation is the growth of flows of goods, capital, information and labour that tie places together. Technology, transport and trade deals drive it. The flows are unequal: rich economies hold more power, poorer ones have weaker market access. TNCs spread production of one product across many places. Agencies like the UN, WTO, IMF and World Bank try to govern these flows, and treaties protect global commons such as Antarctica. Globalisation brings growth and cheaper goods but also inequality, conflict and environmental harm.

2. History of Russia: USSR 1945–1953

Post-war years

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3. History of Russia: USSR 1953–1964

The Thaw

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4. History of Russia: USSR 1964–1985

Stagnation era

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5. History of Russia: USSR 1985–1991

Perestroika and end of the USSR

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6. History of Russia: Russian Federation

Russia in the 1990s · Russia in the 21st century · Our region 1945 – present

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