Romania Clasa a IX-a Information and Communication Technology
Chapters: 3
1. Digital society
Digital communication and collaboration · Apps and platforms for learning · Introduction to artificial intelligence · Emerging technologies
- Digital Footprints and Netiquette – A digital footprint is the trail of data we leave online. Active footprints are shared on purpose (posts, comments, forms); passive footprints are collected without us noticing (cookies, browsing history, location, IP address). Footprints are hard to erase and can be seen by others later. We live in a digital society where learning, banking, shopping and government services are online; a responsible user of it is a digital citizen (netizen). Net etiquette means being ethical (respect copyright, share reliable information), respectful (privacy, diversity, no bullying) and responsible (avoid oversharing, don't feed trolls). Communication etiquette asks us to be precise, polite and credible; social media etiquette asks us to choose passwords and privacy settings wisely, think before uploading, and verify before sharing.
- Artificial Intelligence: How Machines Learn to Think – Artificial intelligence (AI) is the skill of a computer system to do tasks that normally need human thinking: seeing, understanding speech, deciding and learning. An AI system is an agent that senses, thinks and acts. Old AI followed rules written by people. Modern AI mostly uses machine learning: it finds its own rule from many labelled examples (data). Neural networks are layers of simple units whose link strengths (weights) change during training. AI is used in maps, translation, health, farming and games. It can be wrong or unfair when its data is one-sided (bias), so people must check it, protect privacy and stay responsible.
- Emerging Trends: AI, IoT, Cloud and Blockchain – Emerging technologies are new tools that are changing how we live and work. AI lets machines do smart tasks; machine learning lets them learn from data; NLP lets them use human language. AR adds virtual things to the real world, VR replaces it. Robots sense, think and act. IoT devices with sensors create big data, which smart cities use. Cloud computing rents out IaaS, PaaS or SaaS over the internet; grid computing joins many computers for one big job. Blockchain keeps a shared record that is very hard to change secretly.
2. Digital content, technologies and applications
Office: digital documents · Office: digital presentations
- Word Processing: Making Clear, Well-Formatted Documents – A word processor (like LibreOffice Writer, Microsoft Word or Google Docs) is a program for typing, editing, formatting, saving and printing text documents. You change letters with character formatting (font, size, bold, colour), whole paragraphs with paragraph formatting (alignment, spacing, indents, lists), and the whole document with page setup and styles. Styles let the program build a table of contents automatically. You can add tables, pictures, headers, footers, page numbers, footnotes, citations and a bibliography, and use mail merge to make many personal letters from one template.
- Digital Presentations – A digital presentation is a set of slides shown on a screen to support a talk. Good presentations are planned first (purpose, audience, storyboard). Each slide has one idea: a short title, a few key words, and a picture, chart or diagram that helps. Use a consistent design (slide master or theme), strong colour contrast and large fonts. Add graphics, charts, audio, video and hyperlinks only when they help the message, and give credit for images you did not make. Use transitions and animations sparingly. Finally rehearse with speaker notes, run the slide show, and share or print it in the right format (PDF, video, handouts).
3. Computer systems
Hardware · Software
- Computers and Computing: Evolution, Parts and I/O Devices – A computer is an electronic machine that takes input, processes it under the control of a program, stores data and gives output. Computing devices grew from the abacus to smartphones. Every computer has an input unit, a CPU, memory and an output unit, joined by buses and ports.
- Software: System and Application, Generic and Specific – Software is a set of programs. System software (operating system, device drivers, utilities, language translators) runs and looks after the computer. Application software does a user's task. Application software can be generic (general-purpose, ready-made for many users) or specific-purpose (customised for one organisation's need).