Poland Liceum ogólnokształcące, klasa III Geography

Chapters: 3

1. XIV. Regional variety of Poland's natural environment

Geology, relief and resources · Climate and waters · State and protection of the environment

Physical Geography of Poland: From the Baltic Sea to the Tatras – Poland is mostly low: about 9 in 10 places are below 300 m. Relief rises from north to south in belts: coast, lake districts, lowlands, uplands and mountains. Old Sudetes and Holy Cross Mountains, young folded Carpathians (with the Tatras and Bieszczady), ice-age deposits in the north and rich resources like coal, copper and salt shape the land.
Biodiversity and its Conservation – Biodiversity is the variety of life at three levels: genetic, species and ecological. It is highest near the equator and grows with area (log S = log C + Z log A). Every species matters, like rivets on a plane. We are losing species fast because of the 'evil quartet': habitat loss and fragmentation, over-exploitation, alien species invasions and co-extinction. The IUCN Red List (Red Data Book) ranks species from Least Concern to Extinct. We protect life in situ (hotspots, national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, sacred groves, Ramsar wetlands) and ex situ (zoos, botanical gardens, seed and gene banks).

Population and labour · Economy and tourism

The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth – People are not spread evenly on Earth. Most live on fertile plains near water; few live in deserts, high mountains or icy lands. Density tells how many people live on each square km. Geographical, economic and social factors explain the pattern. The world grew slowly for thousands of years and then very fast after 1800. Population changes through births, deaths and migration. The demographic transition theory shows how birth and death rates fall as a society moves from rural farming to urban industry. Countries use family planning and health care to control growth.
Regional Economy and Tourism – A region earns its living from farming (primary), factories (secondary) and services such as transport and tourism (tertiary). Nature (relief, soil, climate, coast) and people (cities, markets, roads, ports) decide what is made where. Industries change over time, transport hubs grow into big cities, and tourism brings jobs but must stay below the place's carrying capacity.

Baltic Sea

Coming soon