Poland Liceum ogólnokształcące, klasa I Education for safety
Chapters: 4
1. State security
Security challenges and the defence system · Aspects of security and crisis management · Terrorism and cyber threats
- National Security: How a Country Keeps Its People Safe – National security means protecting a country's people, land, independence, democracy and economy from serious harm. Threats can be military (armed attack) or non-military (terrorism, cyber attacks, disasters, epidemics). A security system has three parts: armed forces, non-military services, and leaders who decide. Crises are handled in a cycle: prevent, prepare, respond, recover. Prepared citizens make the whole country stronger.
- Cybersecurity: Threats and How We Stop Them – Cybersecurity protects computers, networks and data. It aims for confidentiality, integrity and availability (the CIA triad). Common threats are malware, phishing and social engineering, brute-force password attacks and denial of service. Defences include strong authentication, encryption, firewalls, anti-malware software, updates, access control and backups.
2. Rescue in major emergencies
Civil protection and rescue services · Disasters, evacuation and fire · Radiation and toxic substances · Warning and alarms
- Civil Protection: Warning, Shelter, Evacuation and Rescue – Civil protection is everything a country and its people do to keep people safe in emergencies, in peace and in war: warning, shelters, evacuation, rescue, first aid and recovery. You should know your local alarm signals and emergency number (112 in many countries), the nearest shelter and the evacuation route, how to read a hazard plate, how to protect breathing, food and water from chemicals or radiation, and the golden rule for unknown objects: do not touch, move away, mark, report.
- Disaster Management: Prepare, Warn, Evacuate, Recover – A hazard (flood, earthquake, fire, storm) becomes a disaster when it hits people who are not ready. Disaster management is a cycle: mitigation (reduce the danger before), preparedness (plans, kits, drills), response (warnings, evacuation, rescue) and recovery (rebuild better). Knowing the right action for each hazard saves lives.
3. Basics of first aid
First-aid principles and scene safety · Recognising emergencies and calling help · Unconscious casualty, CPR and AED · Choking, limb and spine injuries · Burns, shock, drowning and poisoning · Massive bleeding in armed attacks
- First Aid: What to Do in an Emergency – First aid is the help you give an injured or ill person until trained help arrives. Its aims: preserve life, stop things getting worse, help recovery. Follow DRABC: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, CPR/Call. Breathing but unresponsive → recovery position. Not breathing normally → CPR 30:2 at 100-120 pushes a minute, 5-6 cm deep, and an AED. Bleeding → direct pressure. Burns → cool running water 20 minutes. Choking → back blows and abdominal thrusts. Sprains → RICE.
4. Defence education
Survival in wartime threats · Military cybersecurity · Shooting training
- Cybersecurity: Threats and How We Stop Them – Cybersecurity protects computers, networks and data. It aims for confidentiality, integrity and availability (the CIA triad). Common threats are malware, phishing and social engineering, brute-force password attacks and denial of service. Defences include strong authentication, encryption, firewalls, anti-malware software, updates, access control and backups.
- Shooting Training: Safety First, Then Steady Aim – Shooting training starts with safety. Four rules always apply: point the muzzle in a safe direction, keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready, treat every weapon as loaded until you have checked it, and know your target and what is behind it. After that come the parts of a small air rifle, a steady position, sight alignment, breath control and a smooth trigger squeeze. This lesson uses a paper target and an air or laser range only.