Netherlands VWO 2 (onderbouw) Physical education

1. Learning to move

Trying many movement activities · Extending the movement repertoire · Movement themes (adopted, legal 2027)

• Motor Skills – A motor skill is a movement we learn to do well, with a clear aim, such as running, catching, writing or a cartwheel. Gross skills use big muscle groups (running, jumping); fine skills use small muscles and need precision (writing, a snooker shot). Skills come in three families: locomotor (moving from place to place), manipulative (controlling an object) and stability (balance, holding a position). Skills can also be open (changing surroundings, like a football pass) or closed (fixed surroundings, like a free throw), and simple or complex. Every movement follows a loop: our senses take in information, the brain decides, muscles act, and feedback tells us how it went. Reaction time is the gap between seeing and starting to move. We learn in three stages: cognitive (understanding, many errors), associative (practising, fewer errors) and autonomous (automatic, smooth). Motor abilities such as speed, strength, endurance, coordination, balance, agility and flexibility are the base on which skills are built; practice, good feedback and creativity improve them.