South 고등학교 2학년 General Intellectual Property
Chapters: 3
1. Understanding intellectual property
Inventions in history · What IP rights are · New forms of IP · Trademarks and designs · Inventions and patents · Registering rights
- Data Protection and Intellectual Property Rights – Intellectual property (IP) is a creation of the mind, such as a story, song, program, invention or logo. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) give the creator control over its use. Copyright protects creative works (text, music, art, software code) automatically once created; a patent protects a new, useful invention for about 20 years and must be applied for; a trademark protects brand names, logos and slogans. Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work as your own without credit. Infringement is using protected IP without permission (copyright, patent or trademark infringement). Public licences let creators share on their own terms: Creative Commons (BY, SA, NC, ND) for creative works, and software licences such as GPL (copyleft: modified versions must stay open) and Apache (permissive: can be used in closed products with notices).
- Patents: Protecting an Invention – A patent is a right given by the government to an inventor. For about 20 years, others cannot make, use or sell the invention without permission. In return, the inventor must explain the invention clearly to the public. To get a patent, an invention must be new (novel), not obvious (inventive step) and useful in industry. Patents are one kind of intellectual property (IP), along with designs, trademarks and copyright. A patent application has a specification: title, background, description, drawings, claims and abstract. The claims are the fence that marks exactly what is protected. Filing steps: search prior art, write and file, publication, examination, grant, then pay yearly fees. A patent works only in the countries where it is granted. When employees invent at work, the employee is named as inventor, but the employer usually owns the right and should give fair reward.
2. Protecting and using IP
Types of infringement · Responding to infringement · Protection systems · Business from IP · Tech entrepreneurship · Employee inventions
- Data Protection and Intellectual Property Rights – Intellectual property (IP) is a creation of the mind, such as a story, song, program, invention or logo. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) give the creator control over its use. Copyright protects creative works (text, music, art, software code) automatically once created; a patent protects a new, useful invention for about 20 years and must be applied for; a trademark protects brand names, logos and slogans. Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work as your own without credit. Infringement is using protected IP without permission (copyright, patent or trademark infringement). Public licences let creators share on their own terms: Creative Commons (BY, SA, NC, ND) for creative works, and software licences such as GPL (copyleft: modified versions must stay open) and Apache (permissive: can be used in closed products with notices).
- From Ideas to Startups: Entrepreneurship – An entrepreneur turns an idea into a business by bringing together land, labour and capital and taking the risk. New ideas replace old ways, which economists call creative destruction. Startups grow with help from investors, banks, incubators, government schemes such as Startup India and Make in India, and small firms called MSMEs. A business plan maps the idea, costs and customers. The profit and loss statement shows Sales − Costs, and the balance sheet shows Assets = Liabilities + Capital.
- Patents: Protecting an Invention – A patent is a right given by the government to an inventor. For about 20 years, others cannot make, use or sell the invention without permission. In return, the inventor must explain the invention clearly to the public. To get a patent, an invention must be new (novel), not obvious (inventive step) and useful in industry. Patents are one kind of intellectual property (IP), along with designs, trademarks and copyright. A patent application has a specification: title, background, description, drawings, claims and abstract. The claims are the fence that marks exactly what is protected. Filing steps: search prior art, write and file, publication, examination, grant, then pay yearly fees. A patent works only in the countries where it is granted. When employees invent at work, the employee is named as inventor, but the employer usually owns the right and should give fair reward.
3. IP creation project
User-centred problem finding · Searching IP databases · Sketching and modelling ideas · Writing a patent specification · Filing a patent
- Design Thinking: Solving Problems by Starting with People – Design thinking is a way to solve problems by first understanding the people who have them. It has five stages: empathise (watch and listen to users, using tools like an empathy map), define (write a clear problem as a 'How might we…?' question), ideate (create many ideas, including from nature: biomimicry), prototype (make quick, cheap models) and test (try them with users and improve). It is iterative and user-centred, and it opens up and narrows down twice, like a double diamond.
- Research Skills: From a Question to a Finished Project – Research is a careful way of finding an answer. You ask a clear, focused question, plan how to answer it, find information and check that each source can be trusted, collect and analyse your own data, draw a conclusion that the evidence supports, and share it while crediting every source you used.
- Patents: Protecting an Invention – A patent is a right given by the government to an inventor. For about 20 years, others cannot make, use or sell the invention without permission. In return, the inventor must explain the invention clearly to the public. To get a patent, an invention must be new (novel), not obvious (inventive step) and useful in industry. Patents are one kind of intellectual property (IP), along with designs, trademarks and copyright. A patent application has a specification: title, background, description, drawings, claims and abstract. The claims are the fence that marks exactly what is protected. Filing steps: search prior art, write and file, publication, examination, grant, then pay yearly fees. A patent works only in the countries where it is granted. When employees invent at work, the employee is named as inventor, but the employer usually owns the right and should give fair reward.