CBSE Class 9 Physical Education and Well-being
Chapters: 8
1. Physical education: meaning and history
Basics
- Physical Fitness – Physical fitness is the body's ability to do daily work, play and sport with energy to spare. It has five health-related components (heart-lung endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition) and six skill-related ones (speed, agility, power, balance, coordination, reaction time). We improve it with a planned programme using FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) and training principles like overload, progression, specificity, rest and reversibility.
2. Health, fitness and wellness
Fitness
- Physical Fitness – Physical fitness is the body's ability to do daily work, play and sport with energy to spare. It has five health-related components (heart-lung endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition) and six skill-related ones (speed, agility, power, balance, coordination, reaction time). We improve it with a planned programme using FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) and training principles like overload, progression, specificity, rest and reversibility.
3. Sports sciences
Body in sport
- Human Body Systems – Your body is organised in levels: cells make tissues, tissues make organs, organs make organ systems, and all systems together make you, the organism. Each system has a main job: skeletal (frame), muscular (movement), circulatory (transport), respiratory (gas exchange), digestive (food), excretory (waste), nervous and endocrine (control), immune (defence), integumentary (skin, hair, nails) and reproductive. No system works alone: during exercise the muscles, heart, lungs and nerves all change together to keep the inside of the body steady (homeostasis).
4. Technology in sports
Tech
- Sports Science and Technology – Sports science uses measurement, data and new equipment to help athletes improve and to keep sport fair. We observe performance, measure it (time, speed, heart rate), analyse video and data, turn the numbers into a plan, and judge whether new technology is fair. Many jobs come from this: coach, analyst, physiotherapist, sports scientist.
5. Sports for all
Inclusion
- Inclusive Sport: How Everyone Gets to Play – Inclusive sport means everyone can take part — whatever their ability, gender, body, background or money. Barriers can be physical (steps, no ramps), in the rules or equipment, or in people's attitudes (teasing, exclusion, violence). We remove them by building access, adapting games with the STEP model (Space, Task, Equipment, People), writing fair rules for all, and calling out harmful behaviour. Paralympic and adapted sports show how far this can go.
6. Olympic and Paralympic movement
Olympism
- The Olympic Movement – The ancient Olympic Games began at Olympia in Greece, traditionally in 776 BCE, as a religious festival for Zeus held every four years. Free Greek men competed in running, wrestling, boxing, chariot racing and the pentathlon; winners received an olive wreath, and a truce let athletes travel safely. The games ended around 393 CE. Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894 and the first modern Games took place in Athens in 1896. Today the Olympic Movement includes the IOC, international sports federations and National Olympic Committees. Its symbols are the five rings, the flame and the motto "Faster, Higher, Stronger – Together"; its values are excellence, friendship and respect. The Paralympic Games follow in the same host city.
7. Yoga for holistic well-being
Yoga
- Yoga: Body, Breath and Mind Together – Yoga means union: it joins body, breath and mind. Ashtanga yoga has 8 limbs: yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, samadhi. Asanas are steady, comfortable postures; pranayama is breath control (inhale–hold–exhale); shatkarmas are six cleansing practices. Regular yoga improves flexibility, strength, balance, concentration and mood, lowers stress, and helps prevent and manage lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes, asthma, hypertension, back pain and arthritis, always with the right cautions.
8. Sports (practical)
Games
- Physical Fitness – Physical fitness is the body's ability to do daily work, play and sport with energy to spare. It has five health-related components (heart-lung endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition) and six skill-related ones (speed, agility, power, balance, coordination, reaction time). We improve it with a planned programme using FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) and training principles like overload, progression, specificity, rest and reversibility.